Introduction To The Accident Essays - , Term Papers

Introduction to the Accident It was a clear sunny day at Kennedy Space Center in Florida with a temperature of 36 degrees which was 15 degrees cooler than NASA has ever sent a shuttle to space. Aboard the space shuttle was a civilian school teacher which made the Challenger such a publicized event. After being delayed five times from bad weather the Challenger was schueled to be launched at 11:38 AM Eastern Standard time on January 28, 1986. Seventy-three seconds after leaving the launch pad 39B the Challenger would explode. The Challenger Tragedy The problems started .6 seconds after ignition. With the temperature at 15 degrees below the NASA experience mark, a black smoke started to come out of the bottom field joint of the right SRB. The black smoke was the O-Rings and the joint insulation being burned. The smoke averaged at about three puffs per second. Then the last puff of smoke was seen was at 2.7 seconds which was an indication that the field joint was not sealed correctly. The arrow points to the black smoke. The second problem was at forty-five seconds when three bright flashes were seen on the Challenger's wings. Each flash lasted approximately one thirteenth of a second. When the film was enhanced it is clearly visible that the flashes were coming from the right SRB. The three hundred and five degree flame was coming from the aft center of the aft joint of the SRB. The flame was the gas burning that was coming out of the SRB. At fifty nine point three seconds the flame was clearly visible with the naked eye. As the flame increased in size, the flame had begun to push against the external tank by the rushing air around the orbiter. This made the struts that held on the SRB very weak because of the heat. Sixty four point seven seconds was the first sight that the flame was hitting the external tank. The color of the flame changed. The flame color change indicated that the flame was mixing with the hydrogen substance that the external contained. The top tanks we re oxygen and the bottom was hydrogen. The flame also indicated that there was a leak in the hydrogen portion of the external tank. A small glowing light appeared between the external tank and the Challenger's black tiles forty-five milliseconds after the color change. The small orange glowing light is visible. When the clock was at 72 seconds there was a sudden chain of events that destroyed Challenger and the seven crew members on board. All of these events happened in less than two seconds. By now the lower strut, that connected the right SRB to the External Tank was very hot and very weak. With the amount of force given by the SRB, the lower strut broke off and away from both the right SRB and the External Tank. Which allowed the right SRB to rotate freely around the top struts. The SRB was out of control, the bottom of the SRB swung around hitting, burning and denting Challenger's wing. At 73.12 seconds into flight a white vapor was seen from the bottom corner of the right SRB. The External Tank was weak because of the intense heat which the flame had produced. The dome structure under the External Tank failed and fell. The hydrogen inside the external tank acquired a hole and started to release liquid hydrogen contents. Since the hydrogen was out of it's tank the tank shot forward hitting the oxygen tank which also burst. The white vapor seen was the hydrogen and the oxygen mixing. Milliseconds after the white vapor was seen there was an explosion. The challenger was traveling at the speed of Mach 1.92 and at 46,000 when the hydrogen and oxygen exploded. Before the challenger exploded there was a cloud of gray smoke that engulfed the challenger which grew larger but under the gray cloud there was a red smoke which was the control system burning from the wreckage of the challenger . All sorts of debris was falling off of the challenger towards the ocean. Both of the SRB's flew off of the challenger in opposite directions. The SRB's were

Art and the Colors of Life essays

Art and the Colors of Life essays Upon visiting the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, I saw many different varieties of artwork. One such painting that caught my eye was Femme au Chapeau (Woman with the Hat), painted by Henri Matisse (1869-1954). The image was made in 1905 and originated from France. The oil painting on canvas measures 31 Â ¾ x 23 Â ½ inches. The Femme au Chapeau was one of the first of its kind. As a new 20th century emerged, so did a new style of artistry to depict the beauties of the era. The functional purpose of the painting is basically that of a portrait. In this case, the woman in the painting is actually Matisses wife, Amlie. Most portraits stand alone and are created to preserve the beauty and perhaps characteristics of an individual. This particular painting was first exhibited at the 1905 Salon dAutomne in Paris, according to the information provided next to the painting, and was later purchased by the Stein family, who were close friends with Matisse. I personally believe Matisses intention for his artwork was to show it off to the world. It would be a waste to keep it locked up in a house. Most portraits of the era were smooth and consisted of realistic ideals. Femme au Chapeau exposes a new type of portrait for everyone to see. As for the texture of the painting, the surface looks rough. Because Matisse used oil paint, one can see some thickness of the paint that was not smoothed out. Also, the oil produces a shine and enhances the vibrancy of the bright colors. The looseness and quickness of Matisses brushstrokes are very visible and sketchy. This gives off a lively feeling and almost brings the painting to life. In some ways, it almost looks as if each brushstroke was intentionally planted in its position. For example, the deep strokes placed on the fan that the woman is holding gives off a beautiful detail within itself. The new use of quick brushstrokes was also new to this era and ...

The U.S. Midterm Elections and Their Importance

The U.S. Midterm Elections and Their Importance The U.S. midterm elections give Americans the opportunity to rearrange the political makeup of the U.S. Congress in both the Senate and the House of Representatives  every two years. Examples of Midterm Election Impact Falling right in the middle of the four-year term of the President of the United States, the midterm elections are often viewed as an opportunity to express satisfaction or frustration with the presidents performance. In practice, it is not uncommon for the minority political party (the party not controlling the White House) to gain seats in Congress during the midterm election. In each midterm election, one-third of the 100 Senators (who serve six-year terms), and all 435 Members of the House of Representatives (who serve for two years) are up for reelection. Election of Representatives Since becoming federal law in 1911, the number of members in the U.S. House of Representatives has remained at 435. All 435 representatives are up for reelection in each mid-term congressional election. The number of representatives from each state is determined by the states population as reported in the decennial U.S. Census. Through a process called apportionment, each state is divided into a number of congressional districts. One representative is elected from each congressional district. While all registered voters in a state may vote for senators, only the registered voters residing in the congressional district that the candidate will represent may vote for representatives. As required by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, to be elected as a U.S. Representative a person must be at least 25 years of age when sworn in, have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and must be a resident of the state from which he or she is elected. Election of Senators There is a total of 100 U.S. Senators, two representing each of the 50 states. In the midterm election, approximately one-third of the senators (who serve for six years) is up for reelection. Because their six-year terms are staggered, both senators from a given state are never up for reelection at the same time. Prior to 1913 and the ratification of the 17th Amendment, U.S. Senators were selected by their state legislatures, rather than by a direct vote of the people they would represent. The Founding Fathers felt that since the senators represented an entire state, they should be elected by a vote of the state legislature. Today, two senators are elected to represent each state and all registered voters in the state may vote for senators. Election winners are determined by the plurality rule. This means the candidate who gets the most votes wins the election. For example, in an election with three candidates, one candidate may receive only 38 percent of the vote, another 32 percent, and the third 30 percent. Although no candidate has received more than 50 percent of the votes, the candidate with 38 percent wins because he or she won the most, or a plurality of, votes. In order to run for the Senate, Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution requires that a person be at least 30 years old by the time he or she takes the oath of office, be a citizen of the United States for at least nine years, and be a resident of the state from which he or she is elected. In Federalist No. 62, James Madison justified these more stringent qualifications for senators by arguing that the senatorial trust called for a greater extent of information and stability of character. About the Primary Elections In most states, primary elections are held to determine which congressional candidates will be on the final mid-term election ballot in November. If a partys candidate is unopposed, there may not be a primary election for that office. Third-party candidates are chosen by their partys rules, while independent candidates may nominate themselves. Independent candidates and those representing minor parties must meet various state requirements to be placed on the general election ballot. For example, they may be required to present a petition bearing the signatures of a certain number of registered voters.

IT industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IT industry - Essay Example This not only benefits the environment on whole but also decreases operational expenses resulting in higher profits for the organizations. In addition, by redesigning equipments and replacing green information technology enables organizations improve its operational efficiency on numerous stages and levels. Furthermore, as policy making agencies are passing environmental and energy related regulations and policies, companies by adopting green information technology (IT) can be well-prepared for upcoming policies and guidelines. There are several options available for the organizations to improve their energy efficiency. Companies can choose from the various available options depending on the budget they have. The least costly program is energy monitoring program which enables them to gather data and monitor their usage of energy. This program helps organizations develop their own energy management plan that assist them save energy. One of the least expensive energy monitoring program s includes demand response program which acts as a communicator between the person providing the energy and the person consuming the energy. These effective programs provide organizations a potential profit stream at the times of energy demands, due to its energy reduction facility. Majority demand response programs (DRP) offer after sale services, meters and monitoring services free of cost. This allows organizations to successfully reduce and manage extensive usage of energy. However, there are few program providers who charge penalty bill in case the organizations are unable to meet the required goal of load shed. With the passage of time IT equipments are getting more and more automated and require less space to operate. Hence in order to automate their operations, large companies can invest in such equipments that entail less space to set their footprints. Such changes can do well to companies that are looking forward to a fast return on investment (ROI) for the company. Unlike the traditional methods of operation, automated equipments can provide significant benefits in terms of space and reduced heat loss as these equipments enable companies to confined refrigerated or cooling area. Moreover it can also help in less wastage of material and proficient packaging of such equipments. Other major benefits the companies will avail after switching to automation are improved and efficient production with in the same or lower cost. This means the company will be able to produce more as compared to its pre-automation period. (Rebecca Tucker, 2011) Automated IT equipments have helped in improvising efficiency and sustainability in companies that are finding ways for taking an initiative to make improvements in reduced energy consumption which was not possible in their pre-automation period. This paper will discuss the benefits of Green information technology (IT) and how it is beneficial for both the organization and the society. Moreover, one common problem i.e. its high installation and maintenance cost faced by the majority will also be discussed in detail. As we all know for all kinds of operations businesses are dependent on some or the other kind of information or communication technology. Information technol

Water Related Research and Q&A Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Water Related and Q&A - Research Paper Example The water is normally collected in wells and springs. Mineral water can also be classified as spackling; this is water that contains natural gases or water that is carbonated artificially with carbon dioxide (Olien 46). Sparkling mineral water usually contains magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium, this are the most common minerals found in the ground. Other mineral; water may contain other minerals such as, copper chromium, selenium and other minerals. All these minerals are important for health. Spring water us water that is harvested from natural springs, unlike the many forms of bottled water in the market today, natural spring water has a considerable amount of minerals is bottled directly at the site. Spring water is water that has moved from an underground water source to the surface. The water is considered free of impurities and contaminants; the water is not subjected to the modern filtration techniques (Olien 45). Running city, municipal tap water, is water that is delivered to the homes of many area residents; the water is supplied through a tap placed inside the workplace or inside the household. This technology in plumbing had enabled the delivery of clean water to homes and businesses. However, this may be mineral water contains impurities such as bacteria, synthetic and organic chemicals. Among the disinfectants used to purify, tap water is chlorine. Chlorine leaves many organic materials like halo acetic acid among many others in the water (Moreaux 78). This water has been removed of any impurities using the modern methods of purification. Water can be purified using many processes, reverse osmosis, microfiltration, ultra filtration, electro dialysis, carbon filtration and ultraviolet oxidation (Moreaux 78). This is an excavation in the ground that is made through digging, boring or drilling in order to access the water in the ground the water can then be drawn using pump or containers

Alien Rhyming Poem Essay Example for Free

Alien Rhyming Poem Essay I’ll even do the rhyming thing, I guess. Firstly, I should tell you of our species But keep in mind, we’re very different beings Our social status is decided by blood. Some were brightly colored, others were like mud. Not of whom we are from descended from, We had no family, no dad, or mum. We are assigned a caretaker from birth, Not of Troll descent, for what it’s worth. They’re assigned an animal, called a lusus, I, was a special case. One that caused a fuss. I had candy red blood. I was a mutant. And most trolls, considered me a pollutant. I was left for dead as a baby grub, It was quite an intentional snub. I would have died that first night, cold and lonesome, If it weren’t for one troll, who was wholesome. No troll had ever cared for a young one, Let alone raise it, was their son. She was an adult, in green attire, And the look on her face, made her seem quite dire. Despite her outwardly appearance She taught me the meaning of adherence. Our species is naturally hostile, And knowing this, made me feel quite vile. I despised all of my species needless strife, The type that nearly ended my life. The hierarchical system is cruel, Leaving it to chance if you serve or rule. The lowest color on the hemospectrum, Were the bronze-bloods, all of which were thought as scum They were lucky to live through their childhood, And they were blessed if they were understood. The second of blood colors was yellow, These poor souls were forced to live in the ghetto. And if they could not afford to live there, They were sold to slavery, and none would care. Up next was olive, jade, and then teal, And none of these were really a big deal. After that, cerulean and dark blue, These were the hardest to attend to. These classes were always struggling for power, It made their general tone, quite sour. The highest of the normal bloods was purple, And out of all of them, they were most verbal. Always making demands, but never amends, However, the aggrievance extends. They considered themselves royalty, Flaunting around all flamboyantly. Near the top, were the violet blooded, And they lived in places that were flooded. They had a mutation which gave them gills, And plenty of impractical frills. And at the top were those with blood like gold, And every single one of them was cold. They like the purple-bloods had gills and frills, But they would kill others just for thrills They ruled over our race with an iron fist, But only one at any time could exist. This made a cruel sort of monarchy One which plunged plunged the lowbloods into poverty. And if you spoke out against the crimes Well it was like stepping into a field of landmines. And if one was seen with my blood hue, They’d be allowed to kill me. Through, and through. Despite all this, she raised me as a child, And when I learned of this I think I smiled But that was the only blessing I was brought, For the rest of my life, I wish I forgot. I traveled the lands, preaching my ideal, I had set out on my quest with a great zeal. I sought to change the views of society, And change all of their impropriety. I taught the values of peace and love, Something that most were afraid to talk of. Not all were too fond of my teachings, They thought of it as annoying screeching. But eventually, I gathered a cult. One much to her majesty’s insult. She sent her best men to find and catch me, I on the other hand, did my best to flee. Eventually they caught me, my disciple too, But in some stroke of luck, the let her through. She went on, spreading word of my Lessons, I hope she went on, to teach her own sessions I, however was not treated so well, They locked me up in their deepest cell. They tortured me for what seemed like forever, They had no mercy for me whatsoever. I screamed with anger that pierced the skies All of my love, had said their goodbyes. The only thing left, was anger and hatred, And in time, all my teachings faded. I could not make a stand for peace and love, For those, my species are unworthy of. And now you know all of my suffering, And why my irons, are still burning. †

Clapham Junction By Paul Theroux :: essays research papers

*Meaning of the title: A junction is a place where roads come together or such as in this story break up in different directions. This regers to the end, where Mrs. Etterick asks for 'one single and one return to Sunbury, please'. Mrs. Etterick is going to drop her retarded daughter, Gina, at a special institution in Sunbury for Christmas. She doesn't want her daughter around: their ways are separated in the station (although Mrs. Etterick travels with Gina to Sunbury). 'Clapham' is a word that is often used by Theroux (the writer) in his other short stories (not in this book). Narrator: The narrator is an omniscient and unintrusive narrator: he knows everything but he doesn't give a comment. Hints in the story: * In the beginning they are talking about Gina and Mrs. Etterick says that 'hers is not the sort of affliction that can be cured in a place like Sunbury'. We don't know what's in Sunbury but we know that there's something with Gina that cannot be cured there; she has a disease. * Cox asks Mrs. Etterick 'Are you going away for Christmas?' and a bit further he asks 'So you might be alone?' and she answers 'I'm not sure'. * p.111 They hear Gina's present: a transistor. Mrs. Etterick explains it 'I decided to give Gina her present early' characters: All the characters (4-Mrs.Etterick/Rudge/Cox/Gina) are telling stories but the important thing is that they don't listen to each other, they constantly interrupt each other; they 're very selfish in a certain way but they apparently work in the same company/building: Cox says that 'When I didn't see you in your office (p.111) ...' And Rudge said that is was 'a party with all the secretaries'. Another similarity is that they sill don't know what they're going to do with Christmas (where/with who?). Mrs. Diana Etterick: She has a daughter, Gina who is nearly thirty but she's retarded. She lost her husband Richard (who works at the university) in Thailand (while they were living there) to a twenty-one year old Chinese girl, who was determined to leave China. They're both now in Australia while she's alone (except for now). She's very cynic avout that - p.112 Rudge asks 'Was it a tropical disease?' 'Yes', replies Diana 'she was about 21...' She hates Christmas: she didn't went to the par ty at work and on p.112 she says 'In Bangkok, you never know it was Christmas' and 'I'd like to spend the next eight days in bed,watching rubbish television.

Forensic Anthropology Essay

Review Questions 1. What are epiphyseal fusions? What can they tell a forensic anthropologist? – Epiphyseal fusion is the fusion, and/or the closing of the ends of â€Å"growth plates†, or at places like the clavicle, iliac crest, and the long bones in our arms and legs. 2. What is ethnobotany? Why is this area helpful for forensic anthropologists? – Ethnobotany is the study of plant remains and pollens. I’d imagine that this would help determine time, and/or cause of death. 3. What is facial reconstruction? Why is it used? – Facial reconstruction involves using the cranium or skull, as well as any other aspects of the person that may be known, to create a representation of what the person may have looked like to help determine who the person was, and in some cases help determine the cause of death. 4. How do male and female bones tend to differ? – Male and female bones tend to differ mainly in size and shape, some of the more outstanding differences are the different shapes of parts of the skull, pelvis, and jaw. 5. How does a forensic scientist estimate the height of a victim? – A victim’s height is generally estimated using an equation designed to predict height. Once they have all of the long bones in the arms and legs, they are often able to create a more accurate estimation of the victim’s height. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Why is forensic anthropology an important part of forensic science? What does this area add to the investigation of crime? – Forensic anthropology is an important part of forensic science because without any knowledge of bones in forensic science, you wouldn’t really be able to learn very much information about any victims that had decomposed down to bone, or lost their flesh in any sort of way. 2. Imagine that you have been called to an area where bones have been found. What would you do at this spot to help you better understand what happened? – I would first make sure to check the entire area above, and below the surface of the ground. Make sure every last piece and fragment of bone or evidence was accounted for, had sketches and/or pictures of where they were before they had been disturbed, and then noted. Then I would examine the evidence along with the bones to see if I could possibly tell if the victim had any type of disease or sickness, or any other cause of death. Maybe even determine who the person was. 3. What are some of the differences between traditional facial reconstruction and computer facial reconstruction? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? – Some of the differences between digital, and non-digital facial reconstruction are well, you’ll need a forensic anthropologist for both, an artist for one, and a computer with the correct programs installed, and the correct machines and comparison data for the other. 4. What is a scatter pattern? What can it tell a forensic anthropologist? – A scatter pattern in forensics refers to the way bones have been scattered from their original set place where they were when they were still attached to the victim’s skeleton. 5. How can the age of a body be estimated using bones? What are some of the different areas of the body that may give an indication of age? – A forensic anthropologist can get an estimate of a victim’s age by examining placement of teeth, Epiphyseal fusions, length of the longer bones in the legs and arms, and the degree of closure of sutures.

Life Span and Development and Personality

Life Span Development ad Personality Christina Schwartz PSY/300 17 March 2013 Richard Alpert Abstract I have selected a famous individual from the 20th and/or 21st century; Princess Diana. I conducted research concerning the background of Diana to determine what forces impacted her life from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. Diana Frances Spencer, better known as Princess Diana or Lady Di was born in 1961 in Norfolk; she was the younger daughter of Edmund Roche and Frances Rosche. In 1964 Diana’s parents divided and her mother remarried Peter Kydd.Diana’s education came from a private boarding school for girls in Norfolk. In 1977, after finishing her education Diana went to see her father to join him and her sister Sarah in attending an event knowing that wealthy upper class royalty were on the guest list. This would be the first encounter with Charles the Prince of Whales, but it wasn’t until a 1980 festivity after a polo match that she would run into P rince Charles again. Fast forward a little over a year to February 1981 when Prince Charles proposed, and Diana accepted; the engagement was officially announced on February 24th at a press conference.During that press conference the two were asked if they were in love, Diana responded with ‘of course’ and Charles with ‘whatever love is’ which much later in time would be reflected back on revealing a more accurate image of what the marriage truly entailed (Reynolds, 2011). Diana was born into wealth and royalty with her father Earl Spencer who was a personal aide to King George VI and to Queen Elizabeth II, and the godson of Queen Mary. (Lewis, 2013) After Diana’s parents divorced in 1964 her father gained guardianship of the children and her mother somewhat disconnected herself from their lives after running away with a wealthier man.Diana being born into royalty, and being subjected to a certain lifestyle, a certain expectation of future endeavors and relationships from infancy set the tone in her future and what was to come. Although Diana’s road to love, happiness, and a family would come, it had its difficult times, as a young child the absence of her mother was difficult to handle. Diana had feelings of abandonment and rejection after her mother left, but took comfort in caring for her youngest sibling; her brother Charles (Princess-Diana. om, 2013). Taking the motherly role for her younger brother came naturally, and with this would come the interest in being around and caring for younger children, along with having a family of her own some day. Although hereditary traits along with environmental factors influenced Diana’s persona there is a level of moral and cognitive psychological development that is intertwined with her experiences. Moral development has a biological emphasis, which focuses on characteristic goodness of individuals.In the midst of the engagement announcement and planning a wedding with Prince Charles Diana had her first of many negative experiences with the paparazzi. One of the first popular images that caused uproar in the royal family was taken by cleaver paparazzi while Diana was attending to a kindergarten class. He positioned Diana and two children strategically with the sun beaming down behind them while Diana was wearing a thin white skirt, which revealed a silhouette of her legs; from the moment the photo was published Diana learned she could not be so trusting of others and built a guard to the outside world.At first it may have been a subconscious defense mechanism, but it developed into something much more serious. B. F. Skinner who developed a personality theory stated, â€Å"Personality is acquired and maintained through the use of positive and negative reinforcers† (Credo, 2001). Although Diana was born into royalty she did not carry a high profile until the relationship with Prince Charles, the significance of her appearance in general, much less in the media never crossed her mind.This experience was a turning point in her life that leads us to believe she carried traits that associate with Skinner’s behavioral theory. Diana had to learn the hard way that not everyone in her forthcoming life would be her friend. The famous photo symbolizes Diana’s trust in others being taken advantage of as a negative reinforcement; she would never allow such a thing to happen to her again. Although the chaos of the photo eventually passed in hindsight the photo was just the precursor of what was to come.After marriage and children Diana became known for her charity work and her loving, charismatic personality. Social-cognitive theories emphasize interactions between a person and events according to (Credo, 2001). One might say social-cognitive personality theories contradict with Diana’s personality; one also might say this theory is what turned Diana into the iconic humanitarian she was. All individuals endure n egative experiences but we also learn from them through reinforcement and through revision of outcomes.Diana took her experiences good and bad and used it as motivation to do worthy things for other people. B. F. Skinner believed that positive behavior, which receives positive reinforcement, causes the individual to adjust displays of process and the same with negative actions and reinforcements. Diana faced some serious challenges in her lifetime being in the public eye and the wife of a Prince as well as the mother of two boys, William and Henry. With the media watching the families every move it was only a matter of time until the truth was leaked out.The truth, being that Diana was living in a world full of lies and betrayal. Through the years there had been speculation of Charles’ infidelity, with a life long friend Camilla. It wasn’t until Diana un-expectantly showed up at the country home in Highgrove and found the house a mess, with couch cushions on the floor, bath towels dirtied and so fourth; it was obvious what was taking place. Through this period Charles accused Diana of self-mutilation, being depressed, eating disorders, and even possible boarder line personality disorder, which was never confirmed.With the deterioration of the marriage full fledged it wasn’t long before Diana had her own lover outside of her marriage as well. During such a destructive time in Diana’s marriage, family, and life in general she still managed to continue and expand on her charity work. In 1987 Diana visited the first ward for AIDS sufferers in Britain (Reynolds, 2011). She expressed empathy and concern for the ill individuals as well as those within the Red Cross and other charities. The ability to do for others while her marriage and family are being torn apart in the public eye displays characteristics of a truly remarkable human being.The cognitive-social approach states â€Å"personality reflects a constant interplay between environ mental demands and the way the individual process information about the self and the world† (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). It seems as though Diana made a conscious decision to not let the media, or the position she held as the Princess of Whales to make or break her interest in charitable work and motherhood. Through the divorce of the couple Diana was forced to detach from more than 100 charities she associated with, but continued to work for the ones she could.She was able to take her negative experiences in her marriage, process them mentally, accept them emotionally and move forward with her son’s and a new life. The strength she portrayed in front of the world signifies behavioral characteristics of cognitive-social theories, even more so after her tragic death. Before, during, and after Diana’s death individuals still find her work notable and encouraging; it is not often this world has been touched by someone so heartfelt and caring, even through the trials a nd tribulations of her life.References 1. (Reynolds, 2011) http://www. oxforddnb. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/view/article/68348? docPos=1 2. (Lewis, 2013) http://womenshistory. about. com/od/diana/p/princess_diana. htm 3. (Princess-Diana. com, 2013) http://www. princess-diana. com/diana/childhood. htm 4. (Credo, 2001) http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/entry/worldsocs/personality_theories 5. (Kowalski & Westen, 2011) https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx

Compare tabloid and broadsheet newspaper styles Essays

Compare tabloid and broadsheet newspaper styles Essays Compare tabloid and broadsheet newspaper styles Paper Compare tabloid and broadsheet newspaper styles Paper Compare tabloid and broadsheet newspaper styles, focusing particularly on layout, the language and the audience. People buy newspapers for several reasons nowadays, maybe for its coverage in sport, finance or health, as well as the current affairs, which is included in every newspaper. Depending on these reasons, people will buy different types of newspaper, a tabloid (for example The Sun or The People) or a broadsheet newspaper, (for example The Times or The Daily Telegraph) as they have a surprising number of differences between them. One reason why people buy a newspaper might be for the sports section. In a broadsheet newspaper this would be a supplement in the middle of the newspaper and in The Daily Telegraph is about 8 pages, of which very little is football. Football is considered to be the most popular sport in the world. There is also a lot of writing and few pictures. A tabloid, by contrast, like The Sun, on a normal day would have about 15 pages on sport of which over half is dedicated to football. The people who create the newspaper hope that by covering more sports and more football they will get a larger audience. There is also less writing in a tabloid sports section, again hoping that people will buy something that is colourful and appeals to the eye. The adverts in a tabloid newspaper imply quite a lot about the class of people who generally read tabloid newspapers. In a tabloid newspaper like The Sun a very high proportion of the adverts (that are situated just before sports at the back of the paper) are to do with loans, paying off debts or getting new cars by easier on the wallet methods. This is implying that a very good percentage of people who read a tabloid newspaper are either: Not very well off. This is probably through no fault of the reader, but monthly payments maybe the only way they can afford a car * Spending their money in a different, and what is thought of as a not very wise, way. This might mean that instead of saving up money for rainy days, they might go and spend large sums at a public house and as a result may not be able to buy expensive but vital items like a car, up front. It must not be forgotten, however, that people in this situation do have the money, but they way they spend it means they have to use methods shown in a newspaper to get a car. Of course, there are exceptions, but the newspaper is implying that the readers are not very shrewd with money. On the other hand, a broadsheet newspaper is likely to advertise more expensive items, because generally it is thought of that a lot of people who read a broadsheet newspaper are well off, and, if this is the case, the adverts need to match this. This is probably why broadsheet newspapers are more expensive than tabloid newspapers, only more well off people or people who spend wisely can afford to buy them. The newspaper in effect is flattering the readers. Most newspapers have a business section, which tells the reader what is going on at the London Stock Exchange. Tabloid newspapers have very little coverage of this, and example again being The Sun. It dedicates about a page to business, and even then it is still thought of as insignificant, as it is positioned just before the adverts at the back of the newspaper. Broadsheet newspapers, whereas, will dedicate a large part of the newspaper to business, including a supplement as well as a few A2 size pages in the actual newspaper. The business section in effect is the nucleus of the newspaper. Cartoons feature in both styles of newspaper. The Daily Telegraph is an example of a broadsheet newspaper that contains a cartoon. It only has one, of which the theme is business and finance, so anyone who is not too good in those areas will suffer, although judging by the size of the business section in the newspaper, only people of whom are good businessmen and women will buy the newspaper. It is likely that the cartoon was a caricature, so it is non-fiction; true in terms of that the characters in the cartoon are someone in real life. Tabloids set aside a page for cartoons, which are colourful and appeal to the eye, making the reader want to look at them. The main headline is likely to be the biggest selling point of a newspaper. Broadsheet newspapers have a very long main headline that tells the reader the story in basic. It does not take up a lot of the page and only has capital letters on pronouns and at the start, like a normal sentence. It is in bold, to attract the reader and make them buy the newspaper. It never uses a pun as a broadsheet newspaper usually only has serious headlines. On one headline of The Sunday Telegraph, (23/3/03), the headline was: Saddam so badly hurt he needed blood transfusion, Cabinet told. Here there are two words that are three syllables long. This could say that the reading age needed to understand a broadsheet newspaper is fairly high. Quite often it will say the source of the headline at the end as it has done here. This is crucial when examining the actual text of the newspaper. It is important here as it is not known for definite whether the Saddam Hussein did actually need blood transfusion, so the newspaper has state from where it heard this report. Tabloid newspapers still tell the reader the story in basic, but a lot more brief, only using about five or six words. Very, very rarely will a tabloid newspaper use more than 2 syllables for a word in the main headline. This could suggest that the reading age required to understand a tabloid newspaper is not that high. It will use a pun if the occasion is light hearted. An example of this is again The Sun. The main headline here is: KELLY OFF THE HOOK. The pun here is that Matthew Kelly was playing Hook in a pantomime when he was arrested for allegations of child pornography. He has now been cleared of these allegations; another term for being cleared is being let off the hook. This event is not that serious because the man accused has been cleared. All of the letters in a tabloid main headline are bold and in upper case, to get the attention of the reader. Images on the front of a broadsheet newspaper are in the centre, possibly so there is still enough room to have enough writing on the page, but at the same time making the front page look like there is not too much writing on the page, as too much writing in a block means people will not read it as they will think of it as unexciting. The image is of the situation in Iraq and is unbiased, letting the reader make up their own mind. On a tabloid newspaper the image is invariably at least half a page big. The masthead is above it and the leading headline is below it. It shows a mother with a toddler, the family of a Royal Marine who tragically died. This image is used to give a biased view, to try and make the reader believe that war is a horrible thing by making the reader feel sorry for the family as there is a young child who will grow up without a father. Article sizes of the two types of newspaper are very similar. Both have a variety of large and small articles, although more tabloid articles take up a whole page. Broadsheets have more articles in total, so obviously each one cannot be a page big. The front page is the main selling point of a newspaper as it is the first aspect of the newspaper that the reader sees when they first see the newspaper. It is here where the most obvious differences between the two types are. The masthead of a broadsheet newspaper is made to look old. An example is The Times. Its masthead is done in Times New Roman, which is a font associated with the past. It also has a logo, which is made to make the newspaper look old and traditional. This suggests that the newspaper is reliable and true. The Telegraph is similar in its masthead, except that its font is Old English Text, of which looks like a very old font. Recently it has been changed so that the letters look like they are blacked out, they used to have white in them. They may have been forced to make this change because maybe it could not compete with tabloids that look more modern. Tabloid newspapers involve a lot more colour in the masthead, red being the choice of The Sun, The People, The Daily Sport and The Daily Star. This way it stands out, is attractive and catches the eye of the reader who then buys the newspaper. The logo of The Sun is slanted forward slightly, forward in terms of progression maybe, and is bold and large. The font is basic and so appeals to younger people. It also suggests an easy and interesting read. Language used in the two types of newspaper is very different. Broadsheet newspapers will often use words with 3 or 4 syllables like purporting and characterised. Broadsheet newspapers because of this use far more complex sentences than a tabloid, despite similar paragraph size. An example of a complex sentence would be: Tony Blairs War Cabinet was told by intelligence chiefs yesterday that Saddam Hussein survived last weeks cruise missile attack on his bunker in Baghdad, but sustained serious injury. There are still simple sentences but these are few and far between. Tabloids use language that is very simple and use few words that are 3 or 4 syllables long unless it is direct speech. Some examples are jail (a broadsheet may have used prison) and quit (a broadsheet may have put leave or depart). This is again adding to the idea that the reading age required for a tabloid newspaper is not as high as that for a broadsheet. Paragraphs are the body of writing in a newspaper. This is probably the only area in which the two types of newspaper are similar. Paragraphs are of similar length; they are quite short to keep the story flowing and to keep the readers interest. In a broadsheet like The Telegraph paragraphs consist of a few complex sentences, and in a tabloid, paragraphs are made up of a lot of simple sentences. It is this way because the two types are trying to appeal to different audiences. In conclusion, the differences between tabloid and broadsheet newspapers are down to the audiences they are trying to gather. The main target audience of a tabloid newspaper, after studying aspects of the newspaper, is that of a younger one. A stereotype of a younger person is that they less intelligent and therefore prefer newspapers that are more colourful, have bold headlines, and have an interesting but easy read. This might explain why the reading age of a tabloid newspaper like The Sun is thought to be at eight. A tabloid newspaper will try to manipulate the readers view by only giving the reader one side of the story. The main target audience of a broadsheet newspaper, after studying them in detail, is an older person. A stereotype of an older person is that they do not like bright colours as much, they are more intelligent and therefore can cope with a lot of complex sentences, and they prefer newspapers that look reliable, trustworthy and give the truth as far as possible. It will give both sides of the story to ensure that the reader can make up their own mind.

Supplementing Your Income with Writing

Supplementing Your Income with Writing So you’re a published author and you love it! But there’s too much time between contract and publication, advance (if you receive one), and royalties (if you even earn out that advance). How can you supplement your income? Maybe you’re not a freelance writer but would love to be one, or perhaps you’ve written for fun not realizing you could supplement your regular income Here are a few ideas. . . Take a freelance writing course. There are free, paid and college courses. Institute for Writers (formerly Longridge Writers Group) offers courses on writing for children and breaking into print. Sign up for newsletters and follow blogs that share information on writing gigs. FundsforWriters, Freedom with Writing, and Mallee Blue Media are great resources. Write short stories. Markets like Woman’s World Magazine pay top dollars for short romance and mysteries. They also pay for short true life pieces. True Story and True Confessions are other avenues to earn a few bucks. Write nonfiction. Chicken Soup for the Soul and other such publications are always looking for great nonfiction stories. The pay is decent, and there are many different topics to choose from. Watch for anthology call for submissions in genres like fantasy, sci-fi, and mystery. Write Your life. What do you do when you’re not writing? Are you a full-time wife and mother? Stay home dad? What is your â€Å"day† job? Are you qualified in fitness and nutrition, business and finance? Perhaps you make jewelry, or you’re an artist. Maybe you travel for business and/or pleasure. Are you an interior designer/decorator or Feng Shui expert? Write for magazines. There are magazines and blogs out there that pay for articles on any subject from Parenting to Finance Insurance to Stretching your Dollars. There are Fitness Magazines, RV / Travel Magazines and Blogs. About.com pays for articles/blog posts on any number of topics. Write an ebook. What is your passion, your expertise? Are you a Life Coach or Spiritual Mentor? People love self-help/success stories! Writing and publishing an ebook can add to your credentials and client base as well as supplement your income. Here’s an interesting article   Broaden your horizon with speaking engagements. Many authors, (especially nonfiction) can make a lot of cash speaking on their topic of expertise. Here’s a great article at Famous in Your Field on where to find opportunities to do so. Teach writing. Many local colleges/universities teach leisure learning courses. Pitch one and see what happens! Be a mentor or writing coach and work one-on-one with new/aspiring authors. Teach at libraries. Start your own writing service / publishing company. With the influx of self / co-publishing options, book promotion, book cover design, editing and formatting are in high demand. Use your knowledge and expertise in the industry and fill one or more of those needs. George Washington University offers a Master’s Degree in publishing  available both in person and online. Sell/resell your current backlog of articles. There are numerous sites that pay a nominal fee for previously published work. Some pay per view or per click. You’re not going to make a lot of money this way, but hey it all adds up. Check out The Penny Hoarder for lists of such sites. These are just a few ways you can supplement your income with writing. With a little research and creative imagination, I’ve no doubt you can come up with more.

Paraphrasing lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrasing lab report - Essay Example These values would allow clear differentiation as they are both known and largely differ with methyl salicylate melting at approximately -8 Â °C and pure salicylic acid at 159 Â °C. The melting point of the product was found to be approximately 160Â °C. Other parameters that were also assessed include the Rf of the substance which was found to be (0.35), as compared to the known Rf and co spot of methyl salicylate (0.75) and pure salicylic acid which is (0.33). In addition, the percent yield was determined to be 93,7%. In summation, the product was confirmed to be salicylic acid and not methyl salicylate due to the values obtained from the TLC tests and melting point. 2. The experimental data illustrated that the purified product has a melting point range of 157-161 Â °C; in addition, pure salicylic acid has a known melting point of 159 Â °C; as opposed to that of methyl salicylate which is -8 to -7 Â °C. The experimental data further illustrated that the melting point of the s ubstance was within the range of 159 Â °C Therefore, the known melting point of salicylic acid is 159 Â °C and it is in close range with that obtained in the experiment of 157-161 Â °C hence concluding that the purified product derived in the experiment was salicylic acid. ... In addition, the product obtained in the experiment is in a similar location to that salicylic acid in the xo spot. Therefore, the values obtained in the TLC and melting point experiments were substantial in concluding the product was salicylic acid not methyl salicylate. The data obtained in the experiments also illustrated that the experiment design was appropriate and the procedure was ideal as the results showed that the production of salicylic acid was successful due to the correlation between the experimental values of the product and the known melting points and Rf co spot values for salicylic acid. This also showed the purity level of the product as it was within the range of pure salicylic acid; hence showing the majority of the impurities had been alleviated from the final product in the recrystallization process. The percentage yield data gives an indication of the reaction and the amount of the product that is practically possible to obtain and isolate. The experiment had a good percentage yield of approximately 93,7% indicating that 6,3% of the product was lost during recrystallization and removal of impurities and vacuum faltering. Table 2. Rf values Compound Distance of Compound movement (cm) Distance of mobile phase movement (cm) Rf Pure salicylic acid 1.7 5.1 0.33 Product 1.8 5.1 0.35 Co-spot 1.7 5.1 0.33 Methyl salicylate 3.8 5.1 0.75 Figure 4. TLC plate 3. In the stationery phase the polarity of the compound determines the Rf value. Hence, salicylic acid will have the lowest Rf value as it has the highest polarity compared to silica gel which is also very polar, resulting in both compounds sticking together. However, non polar compounds such as