Ethical And Legal Implications Of Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Moral And Legal Implications Of Euthanasia Essay The term willful extermination is gotten from the Greek words â€Å"eu† which implies great and â€Å"thanatos† which implies passing. Thus the exacting interpretation of killing is acceptable demise. Dominant part of nations around the globe has restricted killing yet specific nations states despite everything apply this idea absent a lot of respect to the laws overseeing this issue. Tragically, instances of killing despite everything thrive in light of the fact that the doctor leading willful extermination is regularly left safe. Among all the nations around the globe, the Netherlands has been recognized as the prime nation that permits the utilization of willful extermination in medical clinic cases. The subject of willful extermination is a questionable point in human wellbeing. Willful extermination has been related with clinical issues, just as moral, lawful, social and strict issues. Willful extermination has been initially characterized as a strategy for quickening passing of a patient all together for the patient to keep away from extra torment and hopelessness because of his present ailment. Since this traditional definition is extremely scrappy, it is significant that the various types of willful extermination be depicted in detail. Intentional willful extermination relates to the rushing of death dependent on the assent that has been given by the patient. It is a typical circumstance in deliberate willful extermination that the patient means his desire to take his life on account of the difficulties he is right now encountering as an outcome of his clinical ailment and another individual achieves killing to satisfy the patient’s wishes. On account of automatic willful extermination, the patient stays skilled is connoting his desires and even choose what he needs to happen to himself, yet killing is still performed on the patient without examining this choice with him. There are additionally cases wherein the patient can't communicate his desires since he has lost his capacity to impart and non-deliberate willful extermination is led on the patient. The loss of capacity to convey is frequently seen among grown-up patients who are in an out cold or intellectually insufficient condition. The state of not having the option to impart may likewise be seen among infants that have inborn irregularities. There are additionally various types of willful extermination that depends on how it is led. Dynamic killing relates to the quickening of the demise procedure through the demonstration of infusing a harmful substance that would bring about death of the patient. Detached killing, then again, alludes to willful extermination that includes the expulsion of treatment or the refusal in giving treatment to the patient. This sort of willful extermination involves surrendering the utilization of any life emotionally supportive networks or medicines and mirrors an individual’s goal that the patient bite the dust after not long after the demonstration is performed. The word aloof regularly befuddles the open on the grounds that the word indicates not playing out a specific demonstration yet the expression inactive killing in fact implies the acceptance of death through the evacuation of strong frameworks to the patient. A few different expressions have been utilized conversely to mean willful extermination. These are doctor helped self destruction of slaughtering, retaining treatment, kindness murdering or clinical uselessness. In doctor helped self destruction, the clinical professional supplies the patient with a deadly substance which the patient himself oversees on himself so as to take his life (Materstvedt et al. 2003). On account of retaining life-supporting treatment, the doctor taking care of the patient concludes that the utilization of further clinical hardware and drugs won't advantage the patient. What's more, the choice of retaining life-supporting treatment is likewise founded on the patient’s and the family’s demand. The majority of the emergency clinic cases that retain life-supporting treatment are additionally vain as far as clinical techniques and medicines. There is a lot of discussion with respect to the utilization of killing the world over. It has been accounted for that lion's share of the doctors would bolster the approval of killing in clinical practice. Specific nations and states have really dismissal or toppled before declarations that are identified with the direct of killing. In Australia, the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act was denied in 1997. In the territory of Oregon in the United States, the Oregon Death and Dignity Act was disposed of in 1999 (Miller et al. , 2004). These Acts were denied dependent on various moral ramifications. One of the significant issues identified with killing is that the enduring of the patient was not eased effectively. It has been called attention to that there is a likelihood that the fitting palliative consideration was not given to the patient thus the patient would encounter agony and distress. The accessibility of killing in this manner impacts the choices of the doctor wherein the doctor would not investigate the patient’s condition in detail since he knows that there will consistently be the alternative of performing killing on the off chance that the patient doesn't feel better when anticipated. It is additionally conceivable that the measure of agony prescriptions were beneath the ideal fixation that would be expected to annihilate the torment the patient is encountering. There are additionally examples when a patient with a critically ill condition is likewise experiencing a subsequent clinical issue. Co-morbidities frequently happen with malignant growth patients, wherein they likewise experience the ill effects of significant despondency or another type of emotional wellness issue. Clinical examination has additionally indicated that patients with at death's door conditions are bound to demand willful extermination so as to end of his affliction and disappointment. It is in this way essential to decide if the enduring of a patient proceeds because of patient carelessness or basically because of the sickness itself. Another moral issue identified with killing is that patients for the most part adjust their perspective concerning their mentioned treatment and wishes over the span of their affliction. It has been seen that among the patients who at first solicitation for killing or doctor helped self destruction, just around 33% of the patients stayed with their choice of utilizing willful extermination. Concerning the remainder of the patients, they in the long run adjusted their perspectives with respect to mentioning willful extermination in light of the fact that an elective strategy was given to them that changed their view of their terminal conditions. The elective choice really made their conditions and current carries on with mediocre and still worth living. On the off chance that killing were sanctioned, it would be an extraordinary misfortune to the human populace to see a noteworthy number of patients that would in a flash retreat to surrendering their carries on with on account of the possibility that there is enduring and torment because of their sickness. The estimation of life is likewise addressed in the demonstration of killing. Christianity has instructed that solitary God will give and remove life consequently any individual doesn't reserve the privilege to end an individual’s life, respects of his ailment or state. The moral issue of the patient’s and the physician’s rights to life are additionally addressed in willful extermination. In the clinical Oath of Hippocrates, it is expressed that a doctor will do no damage to the patient and this ought not be mistaken for the patient’s choice to bite the dust since this doesn't naturally imply that the doctor has the option to murder the patient that connoted his expectation to get killing. The dangerous slant marvel has been unequivocally connected with the issue of killing, bringing about the requirement for an exhaustive sociological audit of the demonstration. Introductory cases that utilized willful extermination regularly included rushing passing among in critical condition patients. Killing is optionally given to patients analyzed to be constantly sick. The dangerous incline marvel relates to the use of willful extermination on other clinical cases that show obscure definitions with respect to vanity and recuperation. These ailments incorporate the diligent vegetative state, which includes a patient that had experienced a scene of trance like state and afterward stirred with a destructed cerebrum stem. A patient in a steady vegetative state subsequently presents with the powerlessness to impart yet is really cognizant and can just play out the stifler reflex. The tenacious vegetative state is a special case to the meaning of mind passing, on the grounds that just one of the two significant parts of the focal sensory system is influenced by the condition. Cerebrum demise has been traditionally characterized as the closing down of the whole focal sensory system, including the cerebral cortex and the mind stem, bringing about the loss of breathing and stoppage of thumping of the heart. On account of tireless vegetative express, the patient stays wakeful yet has lost the ability to play out some other engine exercises. On the off chance that willful extermination were sanctioned, this would give doctors and relatives of the patient an alternative to settle on whether it is on the whole correct to end the life of a patient in the event that he is in a tireless vegetative state. Different patients experiencing AIDS would likewise be parted with a snappy answer for get from their enduring of AIDS-related complexities and would not figure out how to carry on with the remainder of their lives with AIDS. It is additionally disturbing to envision that if willful extermination were sanctioned, any old individual might be exposed to killing so as to go around the obligation of thinking about a senior person. The issue of willful extermination likewise influences the patient’s trust in a doctor. These clinical experts have for some time been seen as gifted people that have an incredible information in sparing and delaying the life of a person. It is hence an ordinary ramifications that these clinical experts likewise have the aptitude in hurrying and ending the life of an individual should he be approached to play out this or should he conclude that closure an existence of an individual is the correct thing to

Causes of the Rise in Global Temperatures

The reasons for the ascent in worldwide temperatures have been very dubious to numerous researchers, relating it to various contentions which are credited to inquiries of the unavoidability of the said marvel to happen in our planet. The logical agreement, be that as it may, is that an Earth-wide temperature boost is brought about by ozone harming substances (Joint Science Academies, 2001). The ozone harming substances goes about as a snare to the infrared which should be discharged in the earth’s climate. This procedure of ingestion of the ozone depleting substances is then alluded to as an unnatural weather change as the infrared caught inside the outside of the earth is demonstrated to be warming the earth. These ozone depleting substances is delivered through different structures, as indicated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, this sort of gas is discharged through its most normal sorts, for example, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N2O). The discoveries of these air gases’ impacts to the earth’s surface, from there on, have started the dubious inclusion of mankind in its commitment to the discharge of these said gases. As per New York Times, the United Nation’s board, one which practices on a worldwide temperature alteration, relates to human movement as the â€Å"obvious† reason for the event. We are should cause a dangerous atmospheric devation in everything we might do in this industrialized and innovatively propelled world. As per the Union of Concerned Scientists, the insignificant activity of our homes and organizations are causing us our condition. We use power ordinary, we purchase our items brimming with various synthetic compounds, and we drive our vehicles to get us to places yet these simple exercises are the very grounds of the arrangement of ozone harming substances as these are the most noteworthy exercises that consume non-renewable energy source. Also, deforestation brought about by human activities incredibly adds to the an Earth-wide temperature boost emanations too.

The Criminal Justice System of England and Wales Essay

The Criminal Justice System of England and Wales - Essay Example This is on the grounds that the demonstrations of the Parliament can supersede custom-based law arrangements. Additionally, its participation in the European Union expects it to adhere to the European people group law. The World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems likewise said that the lawful framework in England and Wales is ill-disposed in all courts, including the adolescent courts. Its criminal equity is the chronicled pioneer of the precedent-based law kind of lawful framework. Usually, the law advances through the choices settled on in past individual cases while choices in court impact certain observations and rules. Such practices may have begun from the fifth century while it was after 1066 when general observations with respect to precedent-based law standards expanded. Additionally, the World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems included that England and Wales' normal lawful frameworks were gotten from the Acts of Union of 1536 and 1542. Also, the late nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years have seen a lift in the number and size of resolutions and of appointed enactment in British law. Much the same as in many nations, wrongdoing in England and Wales is ordered and recognized for the most part based on its reality. Furthermore, an offense may fluctuate as indicated by the method it is brought into preliminary. For instance, if it's through an officers' court in particular, by arraignment, or by the higher Crown court. It might likewise fluctuate as indicated by the assent. Criminal duty in England and Wales is 10, so those between ages 10 and 17 are compelled to confront an adolescent court on the off chance that they are accused of a criminal offense. Its distinction with the court for grown-ups is that guardians of the kid guilty party might be accused of fines which they should pay and direct their kid's conduct. As far as medication use, the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971 spreads the terms and conditions. It recorded medications into classes A, B, or C. This demonstration was proposed to manage the utilization and stream of medications, as indicated by the World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems. What's more, as in numerous nations everywhere throughout the world, it is unlawful to deliver, flexibly, have, plan, develop, and import or send out and such substances. World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems said that 1994 information shows that there were 5.3 million recorded offenses in England and Wales, this would incorporate indictable offenses and synopsis offenses, 26 percent of which were cleared. Around 729 of the cases were crime charges and 220,000 offenses of savagery against people. In the interim, just 19,600.of these offenses were ordered to be not kidding. During that year, 5,039 assault cases were recorded which accounted to just a single percent of the complete recorded offenses. In the interim, a shocking 93 percent of the general offenses were against property, including thievery, robbery, criminal harms, and misrepresentation. With respect to medicate offenses, 17,569 cases were accounted for. Of course, about portion of the all out recorded offenses were to be found in metropolitan police regions while country territories had the most minimal crime percentages. Legal System As indicated by The Criminal Justice System Review, the criminal equity arrangement of England and Wales has changed definitely. This is on the grounds that before the presentation of the fair treatment, those

Oedipus Trilogy Essay Example For Students

Oedipus Trilogy Essay Oedipus Rex, or Oedipus Tyrannus all things considered in Latin, could be what we call todaya Freudian work of writing. The Oedipus Trilogy was initially composed bySophocles and is intended to be recounted in a narrating style. Be that as it may, this Greciantragedy was updated and converted into English by Paul Roche and put into anovel structure. The Oedipus Trilogy is a novel that manages predetermination and destiny. Thereader is demonstrated a progression of occasions plotted out from which Oedipus can't get away. At the point when we start to peruse this story, we should recollect that Greek society was basedaround fantasies and legends. They, much like todays society, had the need toexplain everything. Their legends were a method of clarifying such things. They had aseries of divine beings and dreams and destinies to clarify why things happened the way ithappened. They put stock in a power more noteworthy than their own controlling theirevery move. Sophocles took their convictions and utilized the Oedipus Trilogy to explorethe incongruity of how the Fates work all the more intently. The Oedipus plays are separatedinto three principle plays: Oedipus Rex (The King), Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone. The story begins in Oedipus Rex, and the city of Thebes wherein he is ruler isin plague. The city calls upon the ruler Oedipus to figure out how to stop theplague. Right now, it is 15 years after the prediction given to him bythe Oracle of Delphi of his dad biting the dust and him wedding his mom. When hehears of this he guarantees never to return so he may outmaneuver the destinies. Heeventually winds up in Thebes through his movements and gets into a contention withan elderly person. He winds up murdering the elderly person in a fight. Much to his dismay thatthis elderly person is King Laius, his dad. He goes to Thebes where a Sphynx isharassing its kin for a solution to its puzzle. Oedipus illuminates theriddle and the Sphynx hurls itself from its roost upon a stone outside the city. Its kin make Oedipus the new King. Presently he is confronted with another test, tofind the executioner and exile him from the city to free them of the plague. We arefaced with a fascinating plot to be sure. At the point when Oedipus vows to discover themurderers, he places himself in the amusing situation of chasing himselfdown. The story shows Oedipus following his own tracks until he finds theshepherd who gave the newborn child Oedipus to the lord of Corinth, from King Laius. When the story turns out to be clear, Jocasta, his significant other, executes herself in a grisly rageand Oedipus cuts his eyes out. Oedipus has Creon, sibling to Jocasta, tend tohis last issues and expect majesty of Thebes. At the point when we go to Oedipus at Colonus,the entire story at that point goes to the prominent destruction of Thebes by whomever holdsOedipuss tomb. Oedipus guarantees the information on his tomb just to the kingsof Athens. The account of Antigone is of how Oedipus little girl challenges the willof Creon and gives Polynices. At the point when an individual is confronted with the chance ofcommitting a troublesome deed, an individual will make whatever strides essential toprevent them from submitting the demonstration. It is an essential human intuition to preventones self from submitting the demonstration. What's more, the fundamental generally speaking topic of the Oedipustrilogy is rebellion. We see the endeavor to oppose all through the entire set of three . Oedipus attempts to resist the Fates by keeping away from his predetermination. Creon attempts to avoidthe will of the Fates by getting Oedipus to return to Thebes so he can saveit from being taken. Furthermore, Antigone challenges the desire of Creon by covering Polynicesagainst his will. What they all realized before the finish of their accounts was thatthey couldn't get away from their picked destiny. All through the story we seeattempts to resist the desire of others. Oedipus remaining in the asylum is oneexample. His protection from return to Thebes is another. Everything focuses back todefiance of destiny. The whole set of three is done from a third individual omniscientpoint of view. This gives it the adaptability to move effectively between the threedifferent stories without clarifying each setting long. Eachcharacter in Oedipus line all appears to make them thing in like manner, theirstubbornness. Creon is by all accounts a man of differentiation and respect in the story. Last Project Auto parts word and exceed expectations EssayTiresias, as the soothsayer, represents information and reason. Jocasta goes about as themediator among Oedipus and the remainder of the world. The two little girls are quietand loyal to just their family and to what bodes well. The children are thesymbol of the everlasting clash in the line of Oedipus. Obviously the settingtakes a significant job in the play. It happens in antiquated Greece, naturally,where disasters and accounts of adversity are known to occur. What's more, as such thereare numerous images utilized all through the set of three. The theme is one of the mainsymbols consistently utilized in the story, singing their strophies and antistrophies. Their significance is to show what the individuals of the time would feel about whatwas occurring. They are kind of a gentle form of pundits in the story. Tiresias,the soothsayer, is another extraordinary image in the story. In spite of the fact that he is visually impaired, he is provedin the story to have seen things more unmistakably than the difficult Oedipus wouldhave. Its incongruity is that Oedipus himself later turned into that soothsayer in thestory of Colonus, with Antigone as his own hand-young lady. The plays of Oedipus alsouse an extraordinary scope of pleasant discourse to come to a meaningful conclusion. We see it in the veryfirst lines of Oedipus the lord when Oedipus asks his darling individuals, what isthe importance of this crowding round my feet-this holding out of olive brancheswreathed in misfortune? (Roche 23). By this sentence Sophocles is demonstrating that hispeople are crying at his feet for a solution to their infection. Little didOedipus realize that he h ad his own a lot bigger issue on his hands. The plays ofOedipus have for some time been the absolute generally illuminating and educating of stories. This story started the investigation of much mental discussion and theoriespertaining to the affection for ones mother and ones own rational soundness. It was utilized inAncient Greece to recount the wound ways that Fate worked and how you can dosomething you might not have any desire to out of unadulterated numbness. This story is a trulyremarkable one for the individuals who might peruse it for delight, but then it is a plagueof its own for some an understudy. Furthermore, today is as yet utilized so we may studyhow an old culture thought. A lot of Greco-Roman fantasies are fixated on thesubject of Fate. Homers stories, the Iliad and the Odyssey are two such models. We can see that their social orders were significantly worried about Fate, as much oftheir composing mirrors that. Each general public has its own needs and concerns, andliterature is consistently the most ideal approach to reflect them.

Taken Over By A Computer Game :: English Literature Essays

Taken Over By A Computer Game One day I went to the PC shop and I purchased another PC game. The case where was the PC game was, looked decent and I couldn’t oppose to get it. Following day my folks were leaving to France and I was alone†¦ Ok not actually alone, the sitter that cared for me when I was little went to our home to care for me for multi week. She was youthful and she wasn’t a truly sitter since she thought more about her hair and nails than about me. Later when it was dim she went out with her companions. The following day when I woke up the sitter wasn’t in the house. I didn’t realize what to do. I needed to call my folks yet I thought and understood that in the event that I call them and disclose to them that there is nobody to take care of me they would get stressed and perhaps I will destroy their excursion. I did whatever it takes not to stress yet I couldn’t. At that point I plunked down and I thought for a moment†¦ Nothing could transpire in the event that I don’t open to anyone and on the off chance that I remain at home. After I viewed my preferred TV show I went to play the PC game I purchased yesterday. First I introduced the game and afterward I began playing. It was a reproduction game where you should drive a space send and securely return to earth. The primary degree of the game was simple. I pulverized all the space rocks that were coming towards me however I couldn’t speak with the station in light of the fact that a little spac e rock hit directly in the rear of the boat where the transferable gadgets were. Presently I couldn’t return to the space station to re-fuel the space transport. On the following level something odd occurred. The screen of the screen began flashing and something white showed up before me. Out of nowhere I could see myself going around 500 kilometers for every moment in an a passage. It was a green and blue passage were I could smell something like consuming plastic and I could hear a sound like grasshoppers singing. Out of nowhere I was remaining in a spot with numerous catches around me, around 5 screens and I could see space rocks through the enormous window before me. I was in the space transport.

Your Boss Put You on a Performance Improvement Plan, Now What

Your Boss Put You on a Performance Improvement Plan, Now What At around this time about two years ago, I got a call from my friend Elsie asking me to help her find a new job.This caught me by surprise, since she had been working with the firm for a while, and it seemed to me that she was happy at her job.So, what had made her decide to look for a new job all of a sudden?Turns out, she had just been put on a performance improvement plan and felt that she was about to lose her job.Despite being put on a performance improvement plan, she didn’t end up losing her job.Actually, what reminded me of the incident is the fact that she called me with the news that she had just received a promotion (at the same company where she was put on a performance improvement plan), and I felt that it would be a good time to talk about performance improvement plans.When I ask people what they fear most about performance reviews, a high number of them mention that they are very much afraid of being put on a performance improvement plan.Most people assume that being put on a performance improvement plan automatically means that they are on their way out the door.However, this is not always true.The fact that you haven’t met some performance expectations does not necessarily mean that you suck at your job.It just means that there are areas that you need to improve to enhance your performance.Of course, there are some people have lost their jobs over the years after being put on a performance improvement plan.However, these typically happens when an employee is unable to meet the conditions set out in the performance improvement plan.Actually, being put on a performance improvement plan should be taken as a positive sign, because it shows that the organization views you as a valuable employee and believes that the performance issue you are going through is fixable.If they didn’t think you were valuable, or if they didn’t believe that your issue is fixable, you’d be shown the door without any chance to get your act together.In this articl e, we are going to look at what you need to do in case your boss puts you on a performance improvement plan.But before we get there, let’s first understand what a performance improvement plan is.WHAT IS A PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PLAN A performance improvement plan is a document that highlights any recurring performance issues together with areas of improvement suggested for the employee, and a specific timeline for making the improvements.The areas of improvement are normally suggested to give you the chance to maintain goodwill with the organization.In simple terms, it’s like when a student makes a mistake in class, and the teacher gives them probation time in which they are supposed to think about what they have done and promise to improve on their behavior.Therefore, unlike the punitive measure that most employees assume it to be, it can be regarded as a corrective measure aimed at doing away with certain behavior and improving others in order to ensure organizational goals a re met.If you have been put on a performance improvement plan, the HR manager will most likely call you to talk about it to ensure that you understand what the expected outcomes of the performance improvement plan are.But as many HR managers will tell you, it does not mean you are about to be fired.If the company had wanted to fire you, they would have just done it without the need to first put you on a performance improvement plan.The performance improvement plan is therefore a chance for a comeback, an opportunity for you to learn about your weaknesses, a time for you to re-think your strategies and tactics and most importantly, a chance for you to be better.A performance improvement plan will constitute the following:A written document of the performance issueA detailed description of the expected outcomes of the employee’s behaviorA resources allocation section to support the employee in enhancing performanceA follow-up plan that includes timeframes, meeting schedules, and the milestones that have been established between the manager and the employee.The consequences of failure to meet outcomesPURPOSE OF A PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PLANSome of the reasons why you might be put on a performance improvement plan include:To Identify Substandard PerformanceThe first reason your employer would put you on a performance improvement plan is to identify substandard performance and make you realize that your performance is not meeting expectations.Therefore, the performance improvement plan will detail specific areas that you are deficient in and that are affecting your work performance.The second thing it will detail is an improvement plan which could be on-the-job training or actual coaching.When you are not performing, the organization is also not performing, and a performance improvement plan is usually viewed as a chance to identify the substandard performance with an aim to rectify.To Document Substandard PerformancePerhaps this is the greatest reason why most employees fear being put on a performance improvement plan, because the plan can serve as evidence of your underperformance if the organization decides to fire you.In case you get fired and decide to file a complaint for wrongful dismissal, the performance improvement plan serves as evidence that you were indeed not meeting your performance expectations.To Identify Behaviors Contributing To Substandard PerformanceA performance improvement plan identifies recurring behavior that contributes to the substandard performance.You may not be aware of any such behavior, but perhaps your manager has been noticing it.Maybe you have been arriving later than usual, maybe you spend too much time on the internet, or it probably lies in the way you have been treating fellow employees or customers.To Deter Reoccurrence of Improper BehaviorEmployers have specific work guidelines, and rules stipulated for employees.Those regulations are established to ensure organizational goals are met.When the mana ger puts you on a performance improvement plan, there is a chance that there is something you are doing which is against company policy and they want to put a stop to that behavior.Putting you on a performance improvement plan serves as a deterrence to the behavior both for you and other employees.To Enable Employees to Develop Certain SkillsContrary to popular opinion, performance improvement plans are not meant to punish you.They are meant to help you correct some behavior that might be contributing to your non-performance.In the process of working towards achieving the improvement milestones set out in the performance improvement plan, you might also end up developing some key skills.For instance, when on a performance improvement plan, you have to meet the conditions set out in the plan, in addition to working on your regular assignments.This might force you to develop time management skills in order to ensure you meet both objectives.All you need is to have a positive attitude and to open up yourself to learn and experience new things which will improve your performance.To Improve PerformanceThe ultimate goal of a performance improvement plan is to help you improve your performance on the job.The performance improvement plan makes an employee aware of substandard performance, identifies the behavior that contributes to it, enables the development of skills and abilities, deters maladaptive behavior and provides you a course of action to correct whatever issue it causing the non-performance.It is thus a chance for you to improve yourself and your performance so that you improve your job security and contribute to the organizational goals.While I have said that the performance improvement plan shows that the organization values you and is giving you a chance to fix whatever issue is causing your non-performance, it also shows that you are fast approaching the end of your leash.Your job is riding on the outcome of the performance improvement plan.If you are unable to meet the conditions set out in the plan, there is a very high chance that you will lose your job.Therefore, you should not take the performance improvement plan lightly.Remember that the performance improvement plan is a legal document, one that gives the organization a valid reason for letting you go.WHAT TO DO AFTER BEING PUT ON A PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PLANYour performance at work has been slacking, and your boss has put you on a performance improvement plan.Now what?If you have been put on a performance improvement plan, below are some tips on how to handle the situation.Calm DownWhen placed on a performance improvement plan, the first thought that comes to mind is that you are about to lose your job.This can lead to anxiety and emotional overwhelm, which can easily cause you to do or say something you might regret later.Therefore, after being notified that you have been put on a performance improvement plan, the first thing you need to do is to try to calm down.As we have already seen, a performance improvement plan does not necessarily mean that you are about to get fired, so there is no need to panic.Do something to help you remain calm as you process the news. If necessary, you can even take a walk and get some fresh air as you process the news.Assess the SituationOnce you have taken a breather, it is time to evaluate the situation you are in.The first thing to ask yourself is why you are on a performance improvement plan in the first place.Is it something you have been put on before, or is it the first time?If you have been put on a performance improvement plan before, you need to remember the reasons why you placed on the improvement plan.Was it poor customer feedback, failure to meet deadlines?Whatever reason, you need to jot it down and reflect on it for a while.If it’s something for which you have been put under a performance improvement plan before, maybe you need to think about further and come up with interventions that will work t his time.If it’s the first time that you have been put on performance improvement plan, then you need to consult your manager for further clarification especially if it’s a behavior that you hadn’t noticed yourself.Once you have identified the reason why you have been put on a performance improvement plan, you need to reflect whether the role in which you failed at matches your personal and career goals.You also need to evaluate similar situations where employees have been put on a performance improvement plan and determine what the company culture is in such instances.You also need to analyze the relationship between your manager and yourself and determine if she or he is willing to help you throughout the course of your performance improvement plan.If you find out that you have actually been slacking in fulfilling your duties, that the company culture is oriented towards employee improvement, and that you have a trustworthy relationship with your manager, then, by all means, the best thing to do in this case is to start working on improving your performance.If, on the other hand, your company is more oriented towards letting employees go rather than helping them improve, and if you have doubts that your boss will be willing to help you improve your performance, it might be time to start hunting for a new job.Decide If It Is Worth ItYou might do this in the previous step since this step is more of a continuation of the previous one, but I would advise you look at it as a separate step.In the previous step, you wanted to assess the situation that led to you being put on a performance improvement plan.In this step, you want to review if it’s actually worth it going through with the performance improvement plan, or if it is much better to start looking for greener pastures.I would advise you to put your emotions aside when reviewing the performance improvement plan.While it is true that most companies use the performance improvement plan as a way to impr ove your performance, the reality is that some employers will use it to fire you.Therefore, you need to decide if it is worth it going through with the plan. If your manager is not willing to schedule a meeting with you to talk about the performance improvement plan, then this could be a sign that you should be looking for a new job.You also want to review the plan to evaluate whether it is humanly possible to meet the conditions set out in the plan.If your performance improvement plan requires you to bring in twenty new clients by the end of the week, then you might just hand in your resignation letter.Make sure you have read all the sections of the performance improvement plan to ensure that you understand what is required of you.The document requires your signature, and you do not want to sign anything that might get you fired.Once you have read through and decided that it is worth it, then sign the document, keep a copy for yourself and begin working on your performance improvem ent plan.Take It Seriously And Commit Your SelfWhile we have discussed that a performance improvement plan is more or less like probation, the risks involved and the consequences are entirely different.We have also seen that the performance improvement plan might be used to terminate your employment if you are unable to meet the conditions set out in the plan.You therefore need to take it seriously and commit yourself to the goals of the plan.While it does not mean that you will get fired, some companies take it as a warning to their employees.They have realized a certain gap in the accomplishment of your tasks which relates to the performance of the organization, and that’s why they have given you a chance for redemption.Therefore, meeting the goals of the performance improvement plan is critical to the organization and the only guarantee that you will still retain your job.The good thing about a performance improvement plan is that it is usually specific and detailed and will ad vise on what to do so as to achieve the goals set out in the plan.You should really take some time going through the plan to ensure that you fully understand what is needed of you.Come up with a to-do list and other tools to help you accomplish whatever is set out in the plan.Commitment is also a necessary element for the success of a performance improvement plan. You want to show your employers that you are committed to the task at hand and the surest way of doing this is committing your time.You might want to call your friends and cancel any other plans you might have had and commit that time to your performance improvement plan. Tell the manager that you are going all in and actualize that.You might even decide to put in extra hours to ensure that your time on the performance improvement plan is superseding expectations.Do the extra work with pride and make sure that your performance exceeds that of others.When your manager sees how willing you are to ensure you accomplish the go als set out in the performance improvement plan, they will see that you are committed to the goals of the company.Ask for HelpAsking for help is not a sign of weakness, but an acknowledgment that we are aware of our limitations and are not afraid of enlisting others to help us get better.Therefore, do not be afraid to ask for help just because you are on a performance improvement plan.For instance, you might come across a task that you need to accomplish but don’t know how to, but then get tempted to not ask for help because it might show that you are not really good at your job.Resist the temptation not to ask for help, because only by asking for help will you learn how to accomplish that task.Asking for help is a strength, and your manager will be willing to help you if they are certain you are committed to improving your performance.When you are on a performance improvement plan, it shows there is something that you haven’t been able to do on your own, and therefore there is nothing wrong with asking others to help you if this is what will help you improve.Be Open to Learning And Have a Positive AttitudeBeing put on a performance improvement plan is an opportunity for learning and unlearning behavior so be open to it. It gives you a chance to redefine yourself, to test your limits, to change and to grow.The only way you improve your performance and learn something from it is to have a positive attitude. Attitude has been the make-or-break central factor since time immemorial.Only a positive attitude can get you through a performance improvement plan.When we began discussing what you should do when put on a performance improvement plan, we said you should control your emotions.Employees with high emotional stability are able to get through an emotionally challenging situation because they face it with a positive attitude.Therefore, have a positive attitude and open up yourself to learning and accomplishing the tasks detailed in your performance improveme nt plan and grow.You Have Learned, Now Move OnCongratulations now that you have come this far! If you successfully complete the objectives set out in your performance improvement plan, you have reason to celebrate, because it is not always that employees are able to achieve the conditions set out in their performance improvement plans.Getting through the performance improvement plan serves as evidence of your attitude, commitment to learning, motivation, and organizational commitment.When you complete a performance improvement plan, it is a sign of success.While many would have panicked and quit their job, you took it bravely, acknowledged that you haven’t been performing your job effectively and worked with the organization to ensure that your performance improved.You took the time to reflect, contacted your mentors and associates and truly committed yourself to ensure positive outcomes. What is more, you maintained a positive attitude through it all.You learnt, you grew and made improvements, and now it’s time to move on.Remember you will still go through a performance review so make sure your energy lasts through this period. In the performance review, show your manager and the team that the performance improvement plan was a learning process and that your performance has improved.Give specific details about what you learnt and your vision for the future and make sure it is in line with organizational goals.WRAPPING UPAs an employee, you should always give your best at work to avoid being put on a performance improvement plan.If you happen to be put on one, however, there is no need to panic. It doesn’t necessarily mean that you are about to be fired.Instead, you are being given a chance to fix your mistakes.Simply acknowledge that your performance has been under par, and then commit yourself to correcting the issue and improving your performance.If you happen to get fired after being placed on a performance improvement plan, and this does happen in s ome cases, take it gracefully and move on.Furthermore, it might be for the best.You could have been holding on to a job that was not the best for you, and this is your chance to go after the job you have always dreamt about.Give yourself a chance, carry all your life skills, failures and accomplishments â€" they are part of who you are â€" and move on.Just make sure you do not get on another performance improvement plan.

The Little’s laws simulation Essay - 275 Words

The Little's laws simulation (Essay Sample) Content: The Littles laws simulationNameInstitutional affiliationDate of submissionThe little Laws simulationSeveral observations were made when running this simulation. When the simulation begins, the number of people in the room is at zero. If The CV of arrival rate and time of stay is held at zero, the number of the people in the room (I) slowly builds to, time of stay (T) multiplied by the rate of arrival (R) (I=TR). However, the average number of people in the room starts at a zero and builds up at a declining rate, and in the long run gets to the optimum of TR. This happens because at the onset there are no people in the room, thus the system is not stable, however, the system gets to stability in the long run and the average levels at I=TR, see fig 1. This situation is true for all rates of arrival, holding constant CV of rate of arrival and time of stay. The average RT at maximum of expected RT then drops to a minimum because although the arrival rate is constant, the average stay time starts at a minimum when the first person exit. This is because the simulation takes the cumulative total time spent in the room by all persons in the entire simulation and divides this with the expected I to get average T. This gives a minimum at the onset of the simulation as no person has been in the room. Average RT then increases at a constantly reducing rate to level at the expected RT in the long run, see figure 1. This situation is true for all time of stay holding arrival and time of stay CV constant.Holding all other factors constant, a change in the arrival rate CV, for example from 0 to 1, changes the trend of the average I from rising at a constant reducing rate to rising at an inconstant rate before levelling out at a maximum of TR, see figure 2. The uneven rate of arrival into the room leads to uneven number in the room, thus distorting the constantly reducing rate of rising. Holding all other factors constant, a change in the time of stay CV changes the buildup rate of average RT from even to uneven, see figure 3. This results from the uneven average time spent in the room as some people spends more and others relatively less time in the room. In the long run, however, this levels out at max RT. A change in both arrival and time of stay CV, holding the means constant, results to changes in trends as discussed above. However, it is also noted that the two averages do not just build to a maximum of RT, but at times, the averages exceed RT before levelling off to RT ...

Deforestation in Asia

We tend to think that deforestation is a recent phenomenon, and in certain parts of the world, that is true.  However, deforestation in Asia and elsewhere has been a problem for centuries.  The recent trend, actually, has been the transfer of deforestation from the temperate zone to tropical regions. What is deforestation? Simply put, deforestation is the clearing of a forest or stands of trees to make way for agricultural use or development.  It can also result from the cutting of trees by local people for building materials or for fuelwood if they dont replant new trees to replace the ones they use.   In addition to the loss of forests as scenic or recreational sites, deforestation causes a number of harmful side effects.  Loss of tree cover can lead to soil erosion and degradation.  Streams and rivers near deforested sites becoming warmer and hold less oxygen, driving out fish and other organisms.  Waterways also can become dirty and silted due to soil eroding into the water.  Deforested land loses its ability to take up and store carbon dioxide, a key function of living trees, thus contributing to climate change.  In addition, clearing forests destroy habitat for innumerable species of plants and animals, leaving many of them, such as the Chinese unicorn or saola, critically endangered. Deforestation in China and Japan:   Over the past 4,000 years, Chinas forest cover has shrunk dramatically.  The Loess Plateau region of north-central China, for example, has gone from 53% to 8% forested in that period.  Much of the loss in the first half of that time span was due to a gradual shift to a drier climate, a change unrelated to human activity.  Over the past two thousand years, and particularly since the 1300s CE, however, humans have consumed ever-increasing amounts of Chinas trees.

National Average of Gas Prices 2000-2001 - 989 Words

National Average of Gas Prices 2000-2001 In the beginning of the summer, when most people drive to vacation spots throughout the United States, gas prices reached record highs. In June 2000, the national average was $1.68 per gallon and in some larger cities; the prices soared to $2.00 and more per gallon (Facts.com, 2005). Americans were furious not only because consumers were paying more at the pumps, but because rising fuel costs have triggered inflation. Americans realized that if inflation began to rise, a recession could be triggered as had occurred in the 1970s and 1980s (Facts.com, 2005). Affects on Gas Costs on the Economy 2000-2001 Fuel prices began to rise because the supply of oil was not meeting the†¦show more content†¦Member nations of OPEC wanted high oil prices to support the fortunes of the ruling wealthy classes and to provide huge public benefits for a the member nations poverty stricken and unemployed population (Steltzer, 2000). Analysts Outlook for Oil Supplies in the Future Decades after 2000-2001 Some analysts claimed that the worlds oil supply was decreasing so slowly that no concern was warranted for future decades. These analysts used the oil crisis of the 1970s as an example. Many observers at that time predicted that because no new oil-fields had been discovered the prices of oil would rise to 100 dollars per barrel or more by the end of the decade, even though this increase never did occur (Truby, 2000). Other critics felt that the oil price increase in 2000 was a bad indicator of what the future held if changes were not made in the nations energy infrastructure (Truby, 2000). The fear was not that the nation would run out oil, but cheap oil. The terrorist attack on the Trade Center was thought to have an impact on the oil prices, but due to decreases in interest rates to keep the economy afloat, those increases never came to fruition. Conclusion Oil prices in the years 2000-2001 rose due to OPECs decision to cut the supply of oil that was being produced. Foreign relations with the United States did little to the price increase ofShow MoreRelatedEffects of 9/11 on American Economy Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesThe September 11 attacks were set of four terrorist attacks controlled by al-Qaeda, an Islamic terrorist group. On September 11, 2001, four aircrafts were hijacked by the terrorists; two of the planes hit Twin towers in New York, third hit the Pentagon and the fourth one crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania (â€Å"9/11 Attacks†). The September 11 attacks had several long-term negative effects that include Social effects, Psychological effects, Physical health effects, Economic effects andRead MoreHybrid Vehicle1392 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As gas prices raise the average automobile consumer demands a better, more fuel efficient vehicle. 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Josephine Baker, Dancer, Singer, Activist, and Spy

Josephine Baker (born Freda Josephine McDonald; June 3, 1906–April 12, 1975) was an American-born singer,  dancer, and civil rights activist who overwhelmed Parisian audiences in the 1920s to become one of the most popular entertainers in France. She spent her youth in poverty in the U.S. before learning to dance and finding success on Broadway, then moving to France. When racism soured her return to the U.S., she took up the cause of civil rights. Fast Facts: Josephine Baker Known For: Singer,  dancer, civil rights activistKnown As: â€Å"Black Venus,† â€Å"Black Pearl†Born: June 3, 1906 in St. Louis, MissouriParents: Carrie McDonald, Eddie CarsonDied: April 12, 1975 in Paris, FranceAwards and Honors: Croix de Guerre,  Legion of HonourSpouses: Jo Bouillon,  Jean Lion,  William Baker,  Willie WellsChildren: 12 (adopted)Notable Quote: Beautiful? Its all a question of luck. I was born with good legs. As for the rest...beautiful, no. Amusing, yes. Early Life Josephine Baker was born Freda Josephine McDonald on June 3, 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri. Bakers mother Carrie McDonald had hoped to be a music hall dancer but made her living doing laundry. Her father Eddie Carso, was a drummer for  vaudeville  shows. Baker left school at age 8 to work for a white woman as a maid. At the age of 10, she returned to school. She witnessed the East St. Louis  race riot of 1917 before running away when she was 13. After watching the dancers in a local vaudeville house and honing her skills in clubs and street performances, she toured the United States with the Jones Family Band and the Dixie Steppers, performing comedic skits. Getting Started At 16, Baker began dancing in a touring show based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where her grandmother lived. By this time, she had already been married twice: to Willie Wells in 1919 and to Will Baker, from whom she took her last name, in 1921. In August 1922, Baker joined the chorus line of the touring show  Shuffle Along in Boston, Massachusetts before moving to New York City to perform with the  Chocolate Dandies  at the Cotton Club and with the floor show at the Plantation Club in Harlem. Audiences loved her clowning, mugging, improvising comic style, foreshadowing her style as an entertainer. Paris In 1925 Baker moved to Paris, France, more than doubling her New York salary to $250 a week to dance at the Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre des Champs Elysà ©es in La Revue Nà ¨gre  with other African-American dancers and musicians, including jazz star Sidney Bechet. Her performance style, referred to as Le Jazz Hot and Danse Sauvage, took her to international fame riding the wave of French intoxication for American jazz and exotic nudity. She sometimes performed wearing just a feather skirt. She became one of the most popular music-hall entertainers in France, achieving star billing at the  Folies-Bergà ¨re dancing seminude in a G-string ornamented with bananas. She quickly became the favorite of artists and intellectuals such as painter  Pablo Picasso, poet E.E. Cummings,  playwright  Jean Cocteau, and writer  Ernest Hemingway. Baker became one of the best-known entertainers in France and all of Europe, her exotic, sensual act reinforcing the creative forces coming out of the Harlem Renaissance in America. She sang professionally for the first time in 1930 and made her screen debut four years later, appearing in several films before  World War II  curtailed her movie career. Return to the US In 1936, Baker returned to the United States to perform in the  Ziegfield Follies, hoping to establish herself in her home country, but she was met with hostility and racism and quickly went back to France. She married French industrialist Jean Lion and obtained citizenship from the country that had embraced her. During the war, Baker worked with the Red Cross and gathered intelligence for the French Resistance during the German occupation of France, smuggling messages hidden in her sheet music and her underwear. She also entertained troops in Africa and the Middle East. The French government later honored her with the  Croix de Guerre  and the  Legion of Honour. Baker and her fourth husband, Joseph †Jo† Bouillon, bought an estate she named Les Milandes in Castelnaud-Fayrac, in southwestern France. She moved her family there from St. Louis and, after the war, adopted 12 children from around the world, making her home a world village and a showplace for brotherhood. She returned to the stage in the 1950s to finance this project. Civil Rights Baker was in the U.S. in 1951 when she was refused service at the famous Stork Club in New York City. Actress Grace Kelly, who was at the club that evening, was disgusted by the racist snub and walked out arm in arm with Baker in a show of support, the start of a friendship that would last until Baker’s death. Baker responded to the event by crusading for racial equality, refusing to entertain in clubs or theaters that werent integrated and breaking the color barrier at many establishments. The media battle that followed almost triggered revocation of her visa by the State Department. In 1963, she spoke at the March on Washington at the side of Martin Luther King Jr. Bakers world village fell apart in the 1950s. She and Bouillon divorced, and in 1969 she was evicted from her chateau, which was sold at auction to pay debts. Kelly, by then princess Grace of Monaco, gave her a villa. In 1973 Baker became romantically involved with American Robert Brady and began her stage comeback. Death In 1975, Bakers Carnegie Hall comeback performance was a success. In April she performed at the Bobino Theater in Paris, the first of a planned series of appearances celebrating the 50th anniversary of her Paris debut. But two days after that performance, on April 12, 1975, she died of a stroke at 68 in Paris. Legacy On the day of her funeral, over 20,000 people lined the streets of Paris to witness the procession. The French government honored her with a 21-gun salute, making her the first American woman to be buried in France with military honors. Baker had remained a bigger success abroad than in her home country. Racism tainted her return visits until her Carnegie Hall performance, but she had a profound influence worldwide as an African-American woman who had overcome a childhood of deprivation to become a dancer, singer, actress, civil rights activist, and even a spy. Sources Josephine Baker Biography: Singer, Civil Rights Activist, Dancer. Biography.com.Josephine Baker: French Entertainer. Encyclopedia Britannica.Josephine Baker Biography. Notablebiographies.com.Dancer, Singer, Activist, Spy: The Legacy of  Josephine Baker. Anothermag.com.Josephine Baker: The Black Venus. Filmstarfacts.com

The Real Essence of Life - 736 Words

THE REAL ESSENCE OF LIFE Many of the people often times failed to discover the beauty of having differences in a community. The mind setting of the many is to conquer differences and consider one thing in common. What could be the possible effect of this mentality to the society? Whatever religion we fight for is not a hindrance upon achieving a peaceful society. We all have the right to choose what we knew our heart is shouting for. It is still believed that we have a life to live and a spirit to lift. For whatever reason it might be for all of us, we are all gifted with the same being. We only differ on what we profess and what we worship. Yet it is not necessary that we should force other people to believe on what we know†¦show more content†¦It is on how you play the game called life. It is on how many frowning lips you turned into smiles. It is on how many lives you have transformed and have givenShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke, Paul Sartre, And Georg L. Hegel1710 W ords   |  7 PagesPHL 492 Final Paper April 14, 2015 The subject of essence is not something that the average person thinks about everyday, or ever in their life. There are several varying arguments over essence including arguments from John Locke, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Georg W. F. Hegel. Two of these men argue that essence is something that we gain later in life once we have made the choice of who we want to be. The third argues that we all have the same essence from the time we are born. The arguments of these threeRead MorePhilosophy: â€Å"Explain the Differences Between Plato and Aristotle’s View of Reality†.818 Words   |  4 Pagesfurther believed that our physical world and its Forms participate or imitate the real Forms in a disorderly way. He claimed that there was a relationship between the realm of Forms and our world. This relationship revealed to us mortals the forms and brought order to life. Aristotle objected to Plato’s view, arguing that one cannot know the type of interaction which is occurring between the two Forms. If the â€Å"real or ideal forms† are eternal, pure and unchanging then how do they relate to the materialRead MoreComparing Plato s Xi Of The Republic1376 Words   |  6 Pagestimes things that provide instant gratification have no essence, and no true meaning. Things of this nature belong in this line. The next line up is characterized by beliefs. This line signifies a slight ascension into the realm of true knowledge because it deals with the creation of beliefs as a result of slight contact with what is real. The ascension here is minimal because the beliefs deal with physical objects rather than the true essence of the Good. Once one starts to reason and begin to mathematicallyRead MoreQuestions On The Philosophy Of Metaphysics1372 Words   |  6 Pagesis because the simple question what is for real has helped shape our world and allo wed us to grow and develop overtime. Metaphysics is to speak about being and think about existence in general, general characteristics of being, and why there is something rather than nothing. The early Greek Philosophers developed the issue of asking, â€Å"what is† by answering the question of â€Å"what is the essence of being.† The philosophers did not all agree on what the essence of being is and each had their own opinionRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Matrix1557 Words   |  7 Pageshas his mind released from the matrix and his body is ejected from it. After being saved by Morpheus, he learns about humankind’s enslavement and trains to resist it while having to concede the rule that death in the matrix will result in death in real life. After going into the matrix to receive confirmation that he is the prophesized savior that can create and destroy within the matrix at will, Cypher (a member of Morpheus’s crew) betrays the crew and begins to â€Å"u nplug† the crew members’ bodies fromRead MoreThe Confession By Leo Tolstoy1661 Words   |  7 Pages– The Confession Many people find themselves in a mid-life crisis when they reflect on what is the real meaning of human life. Leo Tolstoy wrote his literal interpretation of God’s teachings. Towards his golden years, the writer rejected privileges and wealth and became a wandering ascetic. At the height of his career, he encountered a midlife crisis which revolutionized his views towards life. Tolstoy said that he considered ending his life since he no longer understood the meaning of it. He wroteRead More1.In Your Own Words, Define The Term â€Å"Metaphysics† As Used1161 Words   |  5 Pageswhat is reality? Does anything exist? Is anything that we see or believe in real? 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Thus when we want to keep a conversation we use Twitter to connect with one another. One of the major features that makes me use Twitter is the ability to subscribe to tweets from organizations and agencies that matter in my life. In essence, Twitter relays real-time news

Punctuality Free Essays

Punctuality is the habit of doing things exactly in time. A punctual person will be a winner everywhere. A punctual person is always one step ahead of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Punctuality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often we say plan work and work plan. But if you are not stick on your work promptly, punctually, how can you become a better person I your life? Punctuality is essential for man in every walk of life. For students it is a great blessing. If you are punctual you will get enough time to do your work according to your plan. In hospitals, punctuality can make all the difference, of course between life and death. Punctuality is inevitable everywhere. In business also this is very important. If you want to be a successful businessman, you have to be very particular in being punctual. The failure to keep up an engagement punctually may mean a setback for his business. If you are not punctual, you can see your washes away between your cup and lip! Punctuality is a very important part of military life for several reasons. one reason is that if someone is late for a patrol or convoy that patrol or convoy might haveto leave without that person. Another reason is because it will make whoever your relieving have to stay at work for longer than they are supposed to, tired and sluggish because of that fact, giving a high chance that whatever work that person does would be sub par and not up to standards because of lack of sleep. Punctuality also shows your chain of command that you are serious about your job and are ready and motivated to do said job to the best of your ability. Some cultures have an unspoken understanding that actual deadlines are different from stated deadlines; for example, it may be understood in a particular culture that people will turn up an hour later than advertised. In this case, since everyone understands that a 9am meeting will actually start around 10am, no-one is inconvenienced when everyone turns up at 10am. In cultures which value punctuality, being late is tantamount to showing disrespect for another’s time and may be considered insulting. In such cases, punctuality may be enforced by social penalties, for example by excluding low-status latecomers from meetings entirely. Such considerations can lead on to considering the value of punctuality in econometrics and to considering the effects of non-punctuality on others in queueing theory. If the relative value was different, it would be easy to reduce waiting times by providing extra planes or doctors, and under-utilizing them, at the cost of increasing the price of travel or medical treatment proportionately. This can be seen in the behavior of the wealthy, who can afford to hire private planes and have doctors who visit them, rather than vice versa, and in the extreme case of the ultra-rich, to have their own personal physicians and dedicated private planes and flight crews who wait on their needs exclusively. How to cite Punctuality, Essay examples Punctuality Free Essays Every person in this world has morals and ethics that are differ from other. If people do not respect their morals and ethics, then obviously they do not respect their selves. For instance, respecting the time or punctuality is surely included in the personal ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Punctuality or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important for each person to be punctual because it is conveys the personal ethics and increases the trusts of others. Academically, not being punctual will cause the student to miss information, failing classes and lose respect. The most significant effect of not being punctual is the student will miss classes, and that’s will cause the students to miss information. This information could range from pop quizzes to homeworks due dates. Furthermore, if the students permanently come late to the classes or misses it, they would not know about the homeworks due date or any information about it. Additionally, the students who are not punctual have a bigger chance of having lower grades on pop quizzes. Consequently, not respecting time will absolutely determine the total grade. Also, if the student has an assigned presentation to do and he/she are not punctual, he/she will fail to present what is assigned for them. Ultimately, the few minutes the students miss means more grades to lose. Secondly, the consequences of losing grades are apparently failing the classes. As a result, the student will have a lower GPA and will be dismissed from the university. The only thing that each student does not want to have is a low GPA, and that is why they study hard and put more effort on it. As a consequence, the A student is always punctual and will never miss any class. Because of having a lower GPA and not respecting punctuality, the student will be dismissed from the university. Surely no student wants to be dismissed from the university but punctuality is one of the unbreakable rules of the university. Accordingly, the student will face a hard time getting accepted from other universities, which most probably will reject the admission request because of not respecting punctuality. One of the main effects of not being punctual, that the student will lose instructors, classmates and family respect. Firstly, the student who does not respect the class time and always comes late will lose the respect of the instructor. As a result, the instructors won’t be helpful to these students when it comes to the grades. Furthermore, the classmates will lose faith and trust on those who are not punctual. Because of their habits they can’t be trusted especially when it comes to studying and doing a group projects. Also, after being dismissed from the university and basically losing all the opportunities of having a good life, the family will not respect the unpunctual student and will treats them as a child. Because they spent so much money and time, and they are rewarded by being unpunctual. Finally, Punctuality is substantial and it must be respected from all the people. It is a mirror for people’s ethics and countries culture. Personally, I would not go to the class rather than going late. Each student has to be punctual when it comes to class attendance, because it is one of the keys of academic success. How to cite Punctuality, Papers

The Impact of the Treaty of Lisbon on Bilateral free essay sample

Two and a half years after it entered into force, it is time to give a first assessment of its impact in one of SUES most autonomous policy areas: trade. To narrow it down even more, I will focus on the bilateral free trade agreements (Fats). Reasoning behind my choice lies in the fact that the further liberalizing of world economies through the World Trade Organization (WTFO), and more specifically the Doth rounds have stalled. We have witnessed a proliferation of Fats with the EX. being the leader in this area. It can in fact be argued that these Fats have become the Sues main instrument in its external read policy (Backing 2010). With the sovereign debt crisis raging on, these agreements become even more instrumental to the further growth of the EX. economy as they open the economies of the partner states to the EX. companies and capital. Main question I wish to answer in this thesis focuses on the supranational, EX. level, and namely the inter-institutional relations between EX. institutions. The main objective is to find out how the TOOL impacted the relations between actors in different EX. institutions that have a say in the field of bilateral trade negotiations and how much this institutional change affected the way in which he EX., and namely the Commission, handles the negotiations. To answer these two questions I will use a combination of rational and normative institutionalism for my theoretical framework. I believe that this combination is the only possible approach through which it is possible to analyze both the actions taken by the institutional actors to adapt to the new institutional framework, and the impact that the TOOL has had on the norms and values of these institutions. This is especially important in light of the fact that the TOOL calls for more legitimacy, transparency and mechanization of the ELI, and has particular instruments embedded into the Treaty to push further forward these ideas. Not much has been written regarding this subject, especially from the institutional perspective. Main articles concerning the impact of TOOL on Sues trade policy were written when the Treaty Just entered into force and were more of a predictions nature (Wolcott 2010, Dimensions 2010). They tried to predict or explain now TOOL will impact Sues Common Commercial Policy (ICP). In 2011 an article was published that took stock of how TOOL impacted common commercial policy as a whole (Galilean 2011). But nothing yet has been written regarding its real impact on bilateral trade negotiations. Therefore, I believe that this thesis will fill a gap that exists in research regarding both the institutional framework of the EX. and its policy-decision making after the TOOL. This article builds on Hillocks predictions and Salesmans findings, by providing a focused insight into one of trade policy most neglected areas. Even more importantly, I believe that through the use of institutional theory in inter-institutional relations we can achieve a new level of understanding of the way actors in EX. institutions are adapting to the ewe legal framework that is now in existence. Also, this thesis should provide researchers with a clear understanding of the way the TOOL impacted inter- institutional relations regarding bilateral trade negotiations and how that has impacted the negotiating process. To analyze its impact I will focus on all three main institutional players in bilateral trade negotiations, the Commission, the European Parliament and the Council and the relationships between them. Through the use of primary and secondary literature and interviews with EX. officials I will paint a picture of the way ELI, and namely the Commission, conducts its negotiations ND the way inter-institutional relations impact those negotiations. Main bulk of this thesis will concern itself with the case study, which will be the FAT negotiations between the EX. and India. These negotiations have been chosen because they started in 2007, and although they have not been concluded yet, they provide a great insight into the way the inter-institutional relations have changed post-TOOL, and how these changes have influenced the negotiations themselves. This thesis is organized as follows. After the introduction, I will start by providing a chapter grading the theoretical framework in which I will elaborate on the institutional theories that I will use. In it the methodology that will be used will be provided, namely the case study of the Ell-India FAT negotiations and explain the three main dimension of analysis that I have chosen to measure the impact of the TOOL on the post-Lisbon institutional setting. I will continue by providing a chapter consisting of a brief overview of the main changes that the TOOL has brought to ICP with more focus being given to those changes that have a chance to impact bilateral trade negotiations. I will also provide some main ways in which EX. institutions have adapted to these changes and an overview of the way the EX. conducts its bilateral trade negotiations. I will then proceed with the case study itself which will be the third chapter. After providing a brief context to the negotiations, I will analyze the three chosen dimensions. I will then conclude with a short discussion about the questions asked in the introduction, possible developments in the future and offer potential implications for future research.

Kindred Todd free essay sample

When Kindred Todd first met with her new client she was overwhelmed with questions regarding CQI and what type of experience the company should expect from an expert like her. I believe the biggest issue at this point is the fact that the company has not provided enough training and onboarding support to throw her to the wolves so fast. The text does not provide us with that type of onboarding support was provided to Todd however we do have to question her ability to identify her own development needs. Her boss did mention to her that the client was interested in CQI and she should have requested more support from her boss prior to meeting with the client. Her boss may have been able to better assist her prior to meeting with the client. After meeting with the client she does research CQI and is able to formulate and implement an intervention for the client. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindred Todd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, she could have benefitted greatly by doing this research and learning prior to meeting with the client since her boss did mention that CQI was a point of importance to the client. Part of starting every new job includes different obstacles and learning experiences that every new associate will typically have to go through. She was fresh out of college and did not have any or much experience as a consultant. I would like to reiterate at this point that we do not know what type of training and onboarding support she received when she started with the company but that doesn’t necessarily make her boss a bad manager. When one starts a new job one must expect that the new job will bring along experiences that they are not necessarily familiar with. It is typically the responsibility of the associate to recognize these opportunities and development needs and seek out support. She did end up seeking support to formulate a successful plan for the client and there is nothing with what she did. Whether this support should have been initiated by Todd or proactively offered by the company she works for is irrelevant. The main point is that the support was needed and acquired. Hence we find that her decision to resign after completing the assignment to be wrong and irresponsible. While the OD experience with the client was a bumpy one she was able to gain new knowledge and skills to be able to use with another client and in future experiences. If a person never wants to experience new situations to further their knowledge, employees will never develop and become comfortable with situations outside their own comfort zone. As a consultant Todd would have continued to be presented with situations that she is not necessarily familiar with. Each new client will bring a new problem or situation that needs improvement that she may not necessarily be knowledgeable about. However it is her job as a resourceful employee to be able to recognize these situations and define for herself what is needed to help this client. As a manager with a banking institution, each day I am presented with situations and problems that I do not have the answer for. I always coach my employees that I may not have the answer but I do know where to find it. Finding the answer may include asking my peers, boss or a subject matter expert or even research through company or third party tools. Just because I do not have the answer or skill to solve a problem on the spot, does not necessarily justify or give me the right to give up and quit my job. It is the responsibility of the worker to continually improve themselves and skillset to better assist there clients. In conclusion I find that an ethical dilemma existed with Todd and her interaction with the client. As is mentioned in the text the practitioners competence in executing an intervention is a key aspect of whether a client-customer experience is misrepresented. While this ethical dilemma is not necessarily her fault, she should have recognized this opportunity and learned from it. Unfortunately she was put in a rough situation and we empathize with her however we cannot justify her resignation just based on this experience. My opinion of her is that she could have done more for herself by interpreting the situation as a learning experience instead of just resigning.

Biodiesel Research Paper

Biodiesel Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Abstract Based on findings by Oliveira et al (2007) and Kondamudi et al (2008 ), this paper aims to outline the socio-economic and environmental benefits of producing biofuels from the waste products of the coffee industry. On average, a fifth of all coffee grown in Latin America is defective, (Oliveira et al 2007) and cannot be sold on international markets where very high standards of quality are required. Using this defective coffee for fuel instead of for the production of low quality beverages would be beneficial to the small scale producers of coffee, as the defective beans may command a much higher price if sold to the biodiesel industry. Additionally, the main hindrance to biofuel production is the cost of crop production. By making use of the wasted by-product of the existing industry, both the economical, and environmental costs of biodiesel production could be reduced. Nicaraguan Coffee Nicaragua currently produces around 950000 bags of coffee for exportation per year, depending on the harvest, (Wallengren, 2008 ) and coffee exportation accounts for over a third of the country’s economy. However, due to extremely low prices for coffee on the world markets in the past two decades, there is increasing pressure for Nicaraguan, and other Latin American farmers to produce exceedingly high quality coffee. Green (unroasted) coffee beans are graded for quality using a scale devised by the Speciality Coffee Association of America (SCAA); any coffee achieving more than 60 points on this scale can be exported, and achieves the Fair Trade price of $1.26 per pound. Coffees with 80 points or more are classed as ‘Speciality’, and command a higher price – in Nicaragua this is around $1.80 per pound. World class coffees are graded at 90 points and above, and in 2006, Nicaragua produced one of the five highest graded coffees in the world, according to the i ndependent Coffee Review journal. (Davids, 2006) This emphasis on quality is not always reflected in coffee consumption, however. Less than 18% of the world coffee market comprises of Speciality coffees, the majority is low grade, low quality produce sold for much lower prices (Ponte 2002). In Nicaragua, the higher quality coffee is all exported, leaving the low grade beans for domestic consumption. The same is also true of other producing countries, such as Brazil and Colombia. (Oliveira et al 2007, Mance 2009). Selling coffee on national markets also severely restricts the prices these coffee crops can command, to the point where the price falls below the cost of production, leaving the coffee farmers in a very precarious position. Coffee quality is affected by a number of factors, some of which can be controlled by the skills of the farmer and by the methods of processing. Other factors cannot be controlled, however, such as climate conditions and physical geography. According to a guide to coffee cupping (sampling and grading) produced by catadores (cuppers) at Santa Emilia Estate in Matagalpa, Nicaragua, â€Å"desde el campo, vienen la calidad’ (Santa Emilia, 2006) or ‘from the country, comes the quality.’ Growing high quality coffee requires a humid, temperate climate with night temperatures not falling below 20 °C year round. It also requires high altitudes of at least 700m above sea level, relatively high rainfall during the growing season and a hot dry climate after harvest season in order to dry out and process the beans properly. Speciality coffees are also restricted to the coffea arabica variety, which has a better flavour but is much more susceptible to adverse climate conditi ons, disease and pests. In practical terms, this means that high quality coffees are very difficult to grow, particularly when international demands for organic produce mean that chemical fertilisers and pesticides cannot be used. Without the necessary climate and geography, it is impossible to produce high quality organic coffees. Further still, no coffee crop can ever be 100% high quality; there are always going to be defects, no matter how conscientious and skilled the farmer may be. Within Nicaragua, the market for coffee, both soluble (instant) and freshly ground, is strong. Nicaraguans as a nation drink a great deal of the beverage – â€Å"like it is water† – (Arghiris and Leonardi 2008:57). However, due to economic conditions, the prices for domestic coffee are low. Farmers do not receive a good price for their crop on the domestic market, and similarly, consumers do not pay much for their jars of nationally produced instant coffee. The vast majority of Nicaraguans drink very low quality coffee, and often never taste the award winning produce grown locally. Presently, there are efforts to amend this trend. Cecocafen, an organic and FairTrade certified coffee cooperative based in the Nicaraguan department of Matagalpa, have launched a brand of ground coffee called â€Å"Cafà © El Sabor Nica† or Nicaraguan flavour coffee. It is a blend designed by expert cuppers at Cecocafen’s ‘Solcafe’ processing plant. sually, this coffee is roasted on the premises at Solcafe (most coffee is exported in its unroasted green state.) It is marketed as typifying the flavours of Nicaraguan coffee, akin to the concept of ‘terroir’ in the wine industry. Most interestingly, the slogan on the packaging claims the coffee is â€Å"export quality†. This brand is designed to encourage more Nicaraguans to drink, and appreciate their own coffee, and create a market less reliant on the fluctuations of international coffee prices. This initiative is an exception rather than the norm in Nicaragua however. The issue still remains that over 20% of Nicaragua ´s annual coffee crop cannot be exported due to its low quality. This coffee still requires the same resources, expenses, labour and time to grow, and so the farmers and producers still need a return on their investment in the crop somehow. It is often the case that this return does not come from selling the defective coffee on national markets. The Need for Biofuels Another major difficulty facing coffee farmers in Nicaragua is transportation costs. Over 60% of Nicaraguan coffee is grown on tiny farms with less than two hectares of coffee crop. These farms are necessarily located in remote areas often high up in the northern mountains. Most roads to these places are in very poor condition, and require heavy-duty 4WD vehicles to navigate them. (Aleman, 2008 ). Coffee quality is also severely affected by its freshness – ideally de-pulped and washed coffee beans should arrive at the dry processing mill within a few days of being harvested. (Katzeff 2001). Powerful vehicles and farm machinery, and especially the fuel to drive them is an expense few coffee farmers can afford, and at times, the quality of their coffee is reduced due to the beans over-fermenting, rotting or going stale as a result of delays in transportation. Improving the country’s road structure is of paramount importance, but so is allowing farmers more access to affor dable, reliable transport. In Brazil and other parts of Latin America, some crops are already being grown specifically for use in biofuels, such as soybean crops or sugar for ethanol fuels. Due to Nicaragua’s small size, mountain ranges, protected cloud rainforests and huge lake, the country is not ideally suited to conventional large scale crop and pasture cultivation, and so as yet, does not produce crops for biofuels. Neither does it import biodiesel for national use, and rising costs of oil and petrol across the world mean that running a vehicle is very expensive in Nicaragua. However, this could be about to change. Scientists at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Brazil have found that it is possible to extract oil from coffee beans, which can then be processed into biodiesel using the same methods as extracting other vegetable oils. Coffee beans, both arabica and robusta varieties have quite a high oil content, which accounts for a good proportion of the distinctive aroma when roasted. Coffee oils can be seen as the ‘crema’ on the top of an espresso. With efficient processing, 10-15% of the coffee bean’s mass can be extracted as oil, which is equal to the yield from soybean and rapeseed crops. Extraction can be done either through cold-pressing the beans, or more efficiently, through solvent extraction. By-products of this process, solid matter and saponified substances like glycerine can still be composted and used as fertilizer, as is usually what happens to wasted and unusuable coffee beans. Alternatively, the glycerine co uld be burned to provide additional power and heating. Coffee oil has been found to be very well suited to use in biodiesel, because the oil is naturally very high in antioxidants.(Oliveira et al 2005). This means that the resulting oil is very stable and does not decompose very quickly. Relatively low levels of saponified matter in the oil also means that it remains viscous and does not congeal easily. (Oliviera et al, 2007) Most importantly, Oliveira et al (2005) discovered that defective beans actually yield more oil than healthy beans. Beans become defective or of low quality when they are over-ripe, sour or mouldy, or if they get wet after harvesting. All these factors allow the beans to mature for longer, increasing the oil content. In most countries in Central America, coffea arabica is grown predominantly, with some farmers growing coffea canephora (robusta) as a form of failsafe against failure of the main, but less resilient arabica crop. Mazzafera et al (1998 ) show that arabica coffee beans contain 2-5% more oil than robusta, depending on the specific variety. Practicalities of Biodiesel Production As mentioned earlier, coffee beans can be cold-pressed to extract the oil, which is a simpler but less efficient method; or it can be extracted using solvents (please see Oliveira et al 2007 for more details of this process.) – which is more expensive and reliant on access to the appropriate chemicals, but produces a purer, higher quality oil. A further issue with biodiesel production is the time taken, and monetary cost of the resources required to convert vegetable oils to biodiesel via a process known as transesterification. This involves processing the coffee oil with an alcohol (usually methanol) and a catalyst (typically sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). During the reaction, the triglyceride molecule contained within the oil is broken down by the catalyst (forming the glycerine by-product) and replaced by the alcohol molecule provided by the methanol. Further processing is necessary to remove the soaps, glycerine and unreacted methanol; this results in a fuel with around the same viscosity as regular mineral diesel fuel, and which can be used as a direct, ‘drop-in’ replacement fuel for the diesel engine, including agricultural and power generating diesel engines. If, for example, biodiesel processing co-operative plants were to be set up in Nicaragua, it would provide coffee farmers with the oppo rtunity to sell their low quality, waste beans to an alternative market for fuel instead of for national consumption. With world coffee prices continuing to drop and more emphasis placed on cheaper, environmentally friendly fuels, it is possible that the lower quality coffee could fetch a better price being sold as fuel rather than for beverages, if processing facilities became available, making more efficient use of a potentially wasted product. In the current situation in Nicaragua however, biodiesel production facilities simply do not exist, and the majority of coffee farmers may find it very difficult to find the expertise to make this possible. But this does not necessarily mean that coffee oil cannot be used directly as a fuel. It is also possible to run most diesel vehicles, particularly farm machinery, using straight vegetable oil, or SVO, without converting it to biodiesel. Instead, the engine itself is modified with a two-tank system, starting up on regular diesel fuel (or biodiesel) until warm, and then switching to coffee oil, then shutting down on diesel fuel. Moreover, there are certain types of diesel engines, notably the indirect injection type (for example the XUD9 engine), fitted with a non-electronic Bosch injection pump, which have proven themselves capable of safely using vegetable oil directly as a fuel, with no modifications. Finally, and perhaps importantly, there is a lack of knowledge. For a lot of people, the idea of running a diesel engine on vegetable oil is simply a wholly unknown concept. [CT1] In conversation with the Catador at Solcafe, Julio Obregon, about waste coffee beans, he was unaware that oil from these beans could be used. Vegetable oil was in fact one of the original fuels for Rudolph Diesel’s engines. He intended his engine to be run on a wide variety of different fuels (including coal dust!), and at the World Expo in Paris in 1900, he demonstrated his engine to the French, running it on peanut oil. It was a political decision, designed to show them a powerful, cheaper, highly efficient engine, not dependent on the inefficient and expensive steam engines that were around at the time, and most importantly, running on a fuel that the farmers in the French colonies could make themselves from some of their crops they set aside. However, the oil companies were quick to capitalize on this new engine, and began offering very cheap ‘mineral diesel fuel’, which was at the time a by-product of the petroleum refining process. The world soon forgot about vegetable oil as fuel, and diesel engine design became centered around the diesel fuel supplied by the oil companies. (Bdpedia 2006b) Conclusions: the Benefits of Coffee Oil Although coffee oil extraction and biodiesel production are reliant on expensive chemicals and equipment not readily accessible in Nicaragua[CT1] , the potential benefits of coffee oil use should not be ignored. Low quality, waste coffee is an unavoidable part of coffee farming. When prices for this coffee are so low as to be below the cost of production, as is often the case particularly in Nicaragua’s domestic market, coffee farmers need a viable alternative for their crops. Setting aside a proportion of their crop for fuel could be very economically beneficial. Transport and processing costs of the low quality coffee would not be necessary, thus saving the farmer time and effort as well. Using straight coffee oil in existing vehicles and farm machinery, as well as in electricity generators, is not only a more environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels, it would also be a considerably cheaper option for farmers struggling with rising fuel costs, while at the same time boosting their capacity for self-sufficiency, and decreasing their reliance on imported fuel. On a national scale, using low quality coffee for oil rather than for domestic consumption would in turn, force national coffee companies to improve the quality of their produce, as less low quality coffee would be available. This would then encourage Nicaraguans to drink better quality coffee in much the same way as Cecocafen’s El Sabor Nica brand intends to do. On an international level, the benefits of biofuel use for the environment are well documented. (see, for example, energyportal.eu 2006, or Bdpedia 2006a) Carbon emissions from biodiesel engines are a lot lower than from conventional engines, and use of straight vegetable oil reduces these emissions even further. At present, biofuel production is hampered by the cost of growing crops for fuel at the expense of growing them for food, particularly when staple food prices are rising all over the world. By using coffee oil, the biodiesel can be created from what is essentially a by-product of the existing coffee industry thus making better use of an otherwise wasted resource, and not impacting on the â€Å"food or fuel?† debates that have recently been taking place in the media and with environmental groups. (energyportal.eu 2006) Finally, world coffee prices have decreased so dramatically in recent years, partially as a result of over-supply. (Ponte 2002). By using a proportion of the annual crops for fuel, this potentially restricts the amount of coffee available on the beverage markets, as well as improving the quality of it. Moreover, restricting the supply by diverting it to an alternative market could potentially boost the international prices of coffee, by adding scarcity value. Coffee biofuel is still a long way from commercial production, and the feasibility of this will require more research in the future. However, the concept, method, resources and even the market for this already exist, and the benefits of coffee oil biodiesel certainly warrant considerable attention. References Arghiris, R., and Leonardi, R., 2008 Nicaragua Footprint:Bath Bdpedia, 2006a Advantages of Biofuels and Biodiesel, The Biodiesel WWW Encyclopedia bdpedia.com/re/be/adv/adv.html Bdpedia, 2006b Biodiesel History, The Biodiesel WWW Encyclopedia bdpedia.com/biodiesel/history/history.html Davids, K., 2006 Nicaragua Cup Of Excellence, coffeereview.com energyportal.eu, 2006 The Advance of Biofuels – a boon for the climate? Http://www.energyportal.eu Katzeff, P., 2001 The Coffee Cupper’s Manifesto, CafeNica: California Kondamundi, N., Mohapatra, S. K., and Misra, M., 2008 Spent Coffee Grounds as a Versatile Source of Green Energy, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Vol 56, No. 24, pp11757-11760 Mance, H., 2009 Colombians find redemption in coffee http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7820075.stm Mazzafera, P., Soave, D., Teixeira, M. A. Z., and Guerreiro Filho, O., 1998 Oil Content of Some Green Coffee Species Bragantia, Vol 57, No.1 Instituto Agronomica de Campinas Oliveira, L. S., Franca, A. S., Mendonà §a, J. C. F., Barros-Junior, M. C., 2005 Proximate composition and fatty acids profile of green and roasted defective coffee beans LWT Vol. 39, pp 235-239 Oliveira, L.S., Franca, A.S., Camargos, R.R.S., Ferraz, V.P., 2007 Coffee Oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production Bioresource Technology Vol. 99 pp3244-3250 Ponte, S., 2002 The Latte Revolution? Regulation, Markets and Consumption in the Global Coffee Chain World Development, Vol. 30, No. 7 pp1099-1122 Santa Emilia, 2006 Manual de Catacion Santa Emilia Estate: Nicaragua Wallengren, M., 2008 Nicaraguan Coffee Harvest Down 41% on Previous Year, Dow Jones Newswires aboutcoffee.net/labels/coffeemarket.html With thanks to Julio Absalon Obregon at Cecocafen, Matagalpa, Nicaragua for information on Cafà ¨ El Sabor Nica The Waste of the World is funded by the ESRC Research Papers on Biodiesel Research PaperDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part One